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Medical Term. ch. 5

AB
gastrointestinal systemdigestive system; responsible for digestion, absorption, & elimination
absorptionpassage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream
amino acidsbuilding blocks of proteins; produced when proteins are digested
amylaseenzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
anusopening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
appendixblind pouch hanging from the cecum in the RLQ
biledigestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules
bilirubinpigment released by the liver in bile
bowelintestine
canine teethpointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors AKA cuspids
cecum1st part of large intestine
colonlarge intestine
common bile ductcarriers bile from liver & gallbladder to the duodenum
defecationpassage of feces from the body through the anus
deglutitionswallowing
dentinmajor tissue composing teeth, covered by enamel in the crown and cementum in the root
digestionbreakdown of complex foods into simpler forms
duodenum1st part of small intestine; duo=2 den=10 (measures 12" in length)
eliminationremoval of waste material from the body
emulsificationprocess of breaking large fat globs into small fat globs
enamelhard, outermost layer of the tooth
enzymechemical that speeds up a readtion; help break down foods
esophagustube connecting the throat to the stomach
fatty acidssubstances produced when fats are digested
fecessolid watse; stools
gallbladdersmall sac under the liver; stores bile
glucosesimple sugar
glycogenstarch; glucose is stored as glycogen in liver cells
hydrochloric acidsubstance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
ileum3rd part of small intestine (eilos = "twisted")
incisorone of four front teeth in the dental arch
insulinproduced by endocrine cells of pancreas; Transports sugar from blood into cells & stimulates glycogen formation in the liver
jejunum2nd part of small intestine (jejunus = "empty")
lipasepancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
liverlarge organ in the RUQ; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, & vitamins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells
lower esophageal sphincterring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach
masticationchewing
molar teeth6th, 7th, & 8th teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch
premolar teeth4th & 5th teeth from middle, before molars
palateroof of mouth; hard palate is anterior the soft palate
pancreasorgan under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes
papillaesmall nipple-like elevations on the tongue
parotid glandsalivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
peristalsisrythmn-like contractions in the GI tubes
pharynxthroat, common passageway for foods from mouth and air from nose
portal veinlarge vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
proteaseenzymes that digest protein
pulpsoft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
pyloric sphincterring of muscles at the distal region (bottom) of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum
rectumlast section of the colon
rugaeridges on the hard palate and wall of the stomach
salivadigestive juice produced by the salivary glands
salivary glandsparotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
sigmoid colonlower part of colon; shaped like S
sphincterring of muscles that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
stomachmuscular organ that receives food from the esophagus
triglycerideslarge fat molecules composed of 3 parts fatty acid & 1 part glycerol
uvulasoft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth
villimicroscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream


Land O Lakes, FL

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