| A | B |
|---|
| gastrointestinal system | AKA digestive system; responsible for digestion, absorption, and elimination |
| absorption | passage of materials through the walls of the intestines into the bloodstream |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins, produced when proteins are digested |
| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch |
| anus | opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body |
| appendix | blind pouch hanging from the cecum in the RLQ |
| bile | digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, breaks up large fat globules |
| bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile |
| bowel | intestine |
| canine teeth | pointed, dog-like teeth next to (distal to) the incisors AKA cuspids |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine |
| colon | large intestine |
| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum |
| defecation | expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| dentin | major tissue composing teeth; covered by enamel in the crown & cementum in the root |
| digestion | breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms |
| duodenum | first part of small intestine; duo = 2 den=10, measures 12" long |
| elimination | removal of waste material from the body |
| emulsification | process of breaking up large fat globs into smaller fat globs |
| enamel | hard, outermost layer of the tooth |
| enzyme | chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances; aid in the breakdown of foods |
| esophagus | tube connecting throat to the stomach |
| fatty acids | substances produced when fats are digested |
| feces | solid wastes; stools |
| gallbladder | small sac under the liver; stores bile |
| glucose | simple sugar |
| glycogen | starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells |
| hydrochloric acid | substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food |
| ileum | third part of the small intestine (eilos = twisted) |
| incisor | one of four front teeth in the dental arch |
| insulin | hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. Transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver |
| jejunum | 2nd part of the small intestine (jejanus = empty) |
| lipase | pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats |
| liver | large organ in the RUQ. Secretes bile; stores sugar, vitamins, and iron; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells |
| lower esophageal sphincter | ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach |
| mastication | chewing |
| molar teeth | 6th, 7th, & 8th teeth from the middle on either side of dental arch |
| premolar teeth | 4th & 5th teeth from the dental arch (before the molars) |
| palate | roof of mouth, hard palate is anterior to the soft palate |
| pancreas | organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes |
| papillae | small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue |
| parotid gland | salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear |
| peristalsis | rhythm-like contractions in the tubes of the GI tract that move contents throughout digestion |
| pharynx | throat; common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose |
| portal vein | large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines |
| protease | enzymes that digest protein |
| pulp | soft tissue within a tooth; contains nerves & blood vessels |
| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum |
| rectum | last section of the colon |
| rugae | ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach |
| saliva | digestive juice produced by the salivary glands |
| salivary glands | parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands |
| sigmoid colon | lower part of the colon; shaped like an S |
| sphincter | ring of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening |
| stomach | muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus |
| triglycerides | large fat molecules composed of 3 parts fatty acids and 1 part glycerol |
| uvula | soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth |
| villi | microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream |
