| A | B |
|---|
| mitosis | cell process in the nucleus divides to form identical nuclei in a series of steps (p.m.a.t.) |
| chromosome | structure in cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material |
| asexual reproduction | fission, budding, regeneration: new organism is produced from parent with identical DNA |
| sexual reproducation | two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will have a unique identity |
| sperm | haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs |
| egg | haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs |
| fertilization | in sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg |
| zygote | new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; divides by mitosis and develops into a new organism |
| diploid | cell whose similar chromomsomes occur in pairs |
| haploid | cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells |
| meiosis | reproductive process that produces 4 haploid sex cells from one diploid cell; ensures offspring will have same number of chromosomes as parent organisms |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
| mutation | any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism |
