| A | B |
|---|
| Silicates (def) | Family of minerals that all contain silicon & oxygen; contain silica tetrahedrons |
| Most abundant family of minerals found in Earth's crust | Silicates |
| 2 ex of silicate minerals | Feldspar, Quartz |
| Most abundant of all minerals | Feldspar |
| Hardness of Feldspar | 6 |
| Chemical Formula for Quartz | SiO2 (the 2 is written as a subscript) |
| Luster of Feldspar | Nonmetallic |
| Luster of Quartz | Glassy - greasy |
| Hardness of Quartz | 7 |
| Fracture type shown in Quartz | Conchoidal |
| 2nd most abundant mineral in Earth's crust | Quartz |
| Carbonates (def) | Family of minerals that contain an ion group composed of one carbon atom bonded to 3 oxygen atoms; CO3 (the 3 is written as a subscript) |
| Minerology | Study of minerals |
| Most common carbonate mineral | Calcite |
| Cleavage of Calcite | 3 cleavages; Rhombohedral |
| Chemical formula of Calcite | CaCO3 (the 3 is written as a subscript) |
| Hardness of Calcite | 3 |
| Variety of Calcite that best shows double refraction | Iceland Spar |
| Family of minerals that reacts to the acid test | Carbonates |
| Shape of Calcite | Rhombus |
| Shape of Halite | Cubic |
| Mineral family of Dolomite | Carbonate |
| Mineral family of Calcite | Carbonate |
| 2 minerals often found in marble and limestone | Calcite & Dolomite |
| 2 Copper Carbonate minerals | Malachite & Azurite |
| Color of Malachite | Green |
| Color of Azurite | Blue, sometimes with green next to it |
| Color of Siderite | Brown or yellow brown |
| Ex of an Iron Carbonate | Siderite |
| Iron Oxides (def) | Family of minerals that contain iron & oxygen |
| Most common iron oxide mineral | Hematite |
| Streak color of Hematite | Redish brown |
| Luster of Hematite | Earthy or Metallic |
| Mineral with magnetic properties | Magnetite |
| Type of Magnetite used for the 1st compass needles | Lodestone |
| Most common Iron Sulfide mineral | Pyrite |
| 3 ex of minerals with metallic lusters | Galena, Pyrite, Gold |
| Streak color of Pyrite | Greenish black |
| Streak color of Gold | Gold |
| Streak color of Galena | Silver gray |
| Fracture type found in Asbestos | Fibrous |
| Fracture type found in Obsidian & Quartz | Conchoidal |
| Color of Hornblende | Black |
| # 1 on Mohs Scale of Hardness | Talc |
| #3 on Mohs Scale of Hardness | Calcite |
| #6 on Mohs Scale of Hardness | Feldspar |
| #7 on Mohs Scale of Hardness | Quartz |
| #10 on Mohs Scale of Hardness | Diamond |
| Color of Olivine | Green |
| Fluorescence (def) | The ability of a mineral to glow uner UV light (black light) |
| Phosphorescence (def) | The ability of a mineral to continue glowing after it is removed from exposure to a black light |
| Mineral with a salty taste | Halite |
| Chemical formula of Halite | NaCl |
| Least reliable mineral property for identifying a mineral | Color |
| Streak (def) | The color of a minerals powder on a white porcelin tile |
| Color of Sulfur | Yellow |
| Hardness of the streak plate | 6.5 |
| Cleavage (def) | The ability of a mineral to break along a flat surface or crystal face |
| Fracture (def) | A break in a mineral other than along a flat surface |
| Double refraction (def) | The ability of light to be split in two by a mineral, forming a duel image |
| Specific Gravity | The weight of a sample in air divided by the difference of the samples weight in air & water |
| Gas released by the acid test | Carbon dioxide |
| Color Calcite glows if it is from Franklin, NJ | Red |
| Color Willemite glows if it is from Franklin, NJ | Green |
| 5 things that must be true inorder for something to be a mineral | 1. Occurs naturally 2. Is a solid 3. Has a definite chemical composition 4. Has its atoms arranged in an orderly pattern 5. Is inorganic |
| % of Earth's crust that is silicate minerals | 90% |
| Silica Tetrahedron (def) | The repeating structural unit of a silicate mineral; One silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms. |
| 2 ways minerals form | Magma solidifies & Water containing dissolved ions, evaporates |
| What is determined by the rate of cooling of magma? | The crystal size of a mineral |
| Crystal Face (def) | Smooth surface of a mineral |
| Native mineral (def) | Mineral composed of single elements |
| 5 examples of native minerals | Gold, Silver, Copper, Diamond, & Sulfur |
| Why is water a non-mineral? | It isn't a solid at room temperature |
| Why is glass a non-mineral? | It is man made |
| Why is a pearl a non-mineral? | It is made by oysters, not naturally occurring |
| Why is coal a non-mineral? | It is the remains of plant & amimal material and lacks a definite composition |
| Inorganic matter (def) | Matter that has never been living |
| 3 examples of minerals | Quartz, Halite, and Diamond |
| Silicates (def) | Most abundant family of minerals found in the Earth's crust |
| Silicate composition | Silicon & Oxygen sometimes with one other metallic element |
| 3 ways different minerals can be formed from preexisting minerals | Heat , pressure or chemical action |
| Crystal (def) | Organized structure of a mineral that has regular geometric forms with smooth surfaces |
| 3 examples of physical properties of minerals | Hardness, Cleavage, Streak |
