| A | B |
|---|
| hemisphere | a half of Earth |
| equator | imaginary line halfway between the North and South Poles |
| prime meridian | imaginary line that divides the Earth between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres |
| continent | one of the seven largest land areas on Earth |
| relative location | the position of a place in relation to other places on Earth |
| gulf | a part of an ocean or sea extending onto the land |
| strait | narrow channel that connects two bodies of water |
| isthmus | narrow piece of land that connects two larger land areas |
| ancestor | a family member from long ago |
| absolute location | exact position on Earth's surface |
| lines of latitude | set of imaginary lines on a map or globe that run east or west |
| parallels | lines that are always the same distance apart |
| lines of longitude | set of imaginary lines on a globe that run north and south |
| meridian | a line of longitude |
| landform | shapes that make up the Earth's surface |
| mountain range | a group of connected mountains |
| sea level | the level of the surface of the ocean |
| piedmont | an area at or near the foot of a mountain |
| plateau | an area of high, mostly flat land that rises above the surrounding land |
| coastal plain | low land that lies along an ocean or other large body of water |
| peninsula | land almost entirely surrounded by water |
| basin | low, bowl-shaped land with higher ground all around it |
| canyon | a deep, narrow valley with steep sides |
| elevation | the height of the land in relation to sea level |
| relief | differences in elevation |
| groundwater | water beneath the Earth's surface |
| source | the place where a river begins |
| channel | the deepest part of a river or other body of water |
| mouth | the place where a river empties into a larger body of water |
| tributary | a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river |
| erosion | the gradual wearing away of the Earth's surface |
| delta | the triangle-shaped land at a river's mouth |
| precipitation | any form of water, such as rain, sleet, or snow |
| climate | the kind of weather a place has over a long time |
| humidity | the amount of moisture in the air |
| tornado | a funnel-shaped, spinning windstorm |
| hurricane | a huge tropical storm with heavy rains and winds of at least 74 mph |
| drought | a long period of little or no rain |
| natural resource | something found in nature that people can use |
| product | something that people make or grow, usually to sell |
| scarce | not abundant |
| mineral | a natural substance found in rocks |
| fuel | a natural resource, such as coal burned to make heat or energy |
| conservation | the protecting of natural resources and the using of them wisely |
| recycle | to use again |
| nonrenewable | not able to be made again quickly by nature or by people |
| pollution | the act of making a natural resource, such as air or water unsafe to use |
| classify | to put into groups |
