| A | B |
|---|
| Mount Olympus | Home of the Gods |
| agora | the marketplace where people gathered |
| Minoans | Bronze Age civilization from Crete |
| Mycenaeans | Bronze Age civilization from Mycenae |
| The Trojan War | took place in Troy |
| The Trojan War | end of the Greeks triumphs in the Bronze Age |
| The Trojan War | fought because Paris kidnapped the wife of a Greek King |
| Heinrich Schliemann | found the city of Troy in 1871 |
| Dorians | less advanced people during the beginning of the Dark Ages |
| bard | wandering poet |
| epic | long, heroic poem |
| Homer | blind poet |
| Homer | wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Iliad | told of battles between private duels during the Trojan War |
| Odyssey | told of a man's adventures on his way home from the Trojan War |
| Odysseus | cursed by the god Poseidon |
| arete | the ideal of striving for excellence |
| Olympics | an event that happens every 4 years |
| pentathlon | supreme contest consisting of 5 events |
| myths | a story often used to explain nature and the power of human passions |
| polis | a Greek city-state |
| acropolis | a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city |
| aristocracy | a government dominated by a small group of noble families |
| hoplites | a foot soldier of ancient Greece who fought with a shield and a spear |
| phalanx | army made up of soldiers standing side by side, their shields and spears forming a solid wall |
| tyrant | a man who took over the government by force |
| Spartans | fought against the Athenians in the Peloponnisan War |
| helots | a peasant forced to work the land |
| Solon | created a democracy for Athens |
| Cleisthenes | created the Council of 500 as part of his democratic reform |
| democracy | government run by the citizens |
| Council of 500 | it proposed laws and advised the assembly |
| Persian Wars | a war between Persia and Greece |
| Persian Wars | Greece defeats Persia and Xerxes is forced to leave |
| Herodotus | first true historian |
| Darius I or Darius the Great | Persian leader of the first invasion during the Persian Wars |
| Pheidippides | ran 26 miles to give the news of victory to Athens |
| Xerxes | defeated at sea by the Greeks in the second invasion |
| Themistocles | he had a plan to defeat the Persians by sea |
| Delian League | its purpose was to avoid and protect future Persian attacks |
| Pericles | became the leader of Athens after the city was evacuated and burned |
| Parthenon | Greek temple |
| classical art | art that shows order, balance, proportion, and simplicity |
| Nike | victory |
| Sophocles | author of Oedipus |
| tragedy | a Greek play in which men and women of strong character whose strength leads to their downfall |
| Peloponnesian War | war between Athens and Sparta |
| Peloponnesian War | Athens is defeated by Sparta |
| comdies | plays that often make fun of politics, people, and ideas of the time |
| philosopher | one who loves wisdom |
| Socrates | developed the Socratic Method |
| Socrates | had a student named Plato |
| Socratic Method | a way of teaching that involves asking questions |
| Plato | wrote The Republic |
| Plato | opened the school called The Academy |
| Aristotle | student of Plato |
| syllogism | logical statements often called if/then statements |
| Philip II | King of Macedon |
| Alexander the Great | expanded the Greek empire to its greatest size |
| Hellenism | blend of Greek and eastern customs |
| Ptolemy | great astronomer |
| Euclid | mathematician - created a school of geometry |
| Archimedes | scientist that calculated the value of pi |
| Symposium | drinking party for Greek men |
| Crete | largest island south of mainland Greece |
| Dark Ages | a time period when the skill of writing disappeared |
| Plato | believed an ideal community would be ruled by a philosopher-king |
| Socrates | sentenced to death for teaching young youths to question Athenian values |
| Aristotle | Alexander the Great's teacher |
