| A | B |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | developed heliocentric theory |
| Johannes Kepler | discovered planetary motion |
| Galileo Galilei | used telescope to support heliocentric theory, which went against Catholic Church |
| scientific method | logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas |
| Isaac Newton | discovered laws of gravity |
| William Harvey | discovered circulation of blood |
| Robert Boyle | founder of modern chemistry |
| heliocentric theory | sun is the center of the universe |
| Rene Descartes | mathematician who believed in using logic and reason, developed analytic geometry |
| Francis Bacon | English writer and politician who had a passionate interest in science |