| A | B |
|---|
| patrician | a wealthy, powerful citizen of ancient Rome |
| plebeian | a common citizen of ancient Rome |
| republic | form of government whose citizens choose their leaders |
| representative | person elected to make governing decisions for all the citizens |
| Senate | governing body in which ancient Roman respresentatives served |
| consuls | two officials who managed the government and the army |
| tribunes | men who were appointed to protect the rights of plebeians |
| caesar | a title used by Roman emperors after Julius |
| emperor | the ruler of an empire |
| gladiator | a captive or slave who was forced to fight to the death another person or animal in an arena for entertainment |
| Pax Romana | "Roman Peace," about 200 years when ancient Rome was prosperous and peaceful |
| catacomb | an underground room used as a burial site |
| synagogue | a Jewish place of worship |
| disciple | a follower; an adherent |
| Christianity | religion based on the life, teachings, death, and ascension of Jesus |
| gospels | books of the Bible (Matthew, Mark,Luke, John) which record the life of Jesus |
| apostle | one of fourteen disciples chosen by Jesus to help him spread his teachings |
| Messiah | in Judaism, a leader sent by God; in Christianity, the savior, Jesus |
| pope | leader of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Byzantine Empire | eastern Roman Empire whose capital was Constantinople |
| Byzantine Orthodox Church | early Christian church in the Eastern Roman Empire headed by the emperor |
| Roman Catholic Church | early Christian church in the Western Roman Empire headed by the Pope |
| forum | public meeting place in center of Roman cities |
| pantomime | entertainment in which actors perform by expressing themselves mutely using gestures, often accompanied by music |
| villa | spacious country estate of the patrician class |
| atrium | large, open area often with holes in the roof to let in light and air in Roman patrician's homes |
| mosaic | art form that uses small pieces of colored stone or other material to make a picture or design |
| hypocaust | central heating system under the floor of Roman buildings |
| aqueducts | artificial channels built to bring water to cities |
| toga | loose-fitting robe worn by Roman males who were citizens |
| publican | tax collector |
| corvus | Roman military ship-boarding device used in naval warfare during the First Punic War against Carthage |
| communal | shared by all members of a community; for common use |
| concrete | building material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water |
