| A | B |
|---|
| aa | a Hawaiian term for a lava flow that has a rough, jagged surface |
| batholith | a large, discordant, intrusive body of igneous rock |
| caldera | a large, basin-shaped volcanic depression, more or less circular in form |
| cinder cone | a conical volcano formed by the accumulation of pyroclastic debris around a vent |
| convection | heat transport by moving particles, and the thermal energy that they carry to a new location |
| convection cell | a cyclical pattern of movement in a fluid body such as the ocean, the atmosphere, or Earth's mantle |
| convergent boundary | a boundary between two plates of the Earth's crust that are pushing together |
| core | innermost zone of Earth; it consists of two parts, an outer liquid sections and an inner solid section |
| craton | the stable portions of the continents that have escaped orogenic activity for the last 2 billion years |
| crust | the part of the lithopshere, divided into oceanic crust and continental crust |
| dike | a tabular igneous intrusion that cuts across the surrounding rock |
| divergent boundary | boundary between two crustal plates that are pulling apart |
| fold and thrust mountains | mountians, characterized by extensive folding and thrust faulting that form at convergent plate boundaries on continents |
| hot spot | a region of high heat flow on the Earth's surface, thought to lie above a mantle plume |
| inner core | the solid innermost part of the core with a diameter of a little over 1,200 km |
| isostasy | the condition of equalibrium, comparable to floating, of the units of the lithosphere above the asthenosphere |
| lava | molten rock that flows at the Earth's surface |
| lithosphere | the rigid outer shell of the Earth, it includes the crust and uppermost mantle and is on the order of 100 km in thickness |
| mafic | referring to a generally dark-colored igneous rock with significant amounts of one or more ferromagnesian minerals, or to a magma with significant amounts of iron and magnesium(it moves fast) |
| magma | molten rock, containing dissolved gases and suspended solid particles, at the Earth's surface it is known as lava |
