A | B |
element | any substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances |
atom | smallest unit of an element |
compound | two or more elements combine chemically |
molecule | smallest unit of a compound |
organic compound | compound that contains carbon |
inorganic compound | compound that doesn't contain carbon |
protein | large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur |
amino acids | small unit that is linked together chemically to form large protein molecules |
enzyme | type of protein that speeds up chemical reaction in living thing |
carbohydrate | energy-rich organic compound (sugar, starch) |
lipid | energy-rich organic compound such as fats, oils, and waxes |
nucleic acid | large organic molecule that contains instructions to carry out functions of the cell |
DNA | genetic material carries information |
RNA | plays important role in production of proteins |
selectively permeable | cell membranes - only some substances can pass through |
diffusion | process where molecules move from an area of highly concentrated to less concentrated |
osmosis | diffusion of water molecules through membrane |
passive transport | movement without energy |
active transport | movement with energy |
photosynthesis | process by which plants capture light energy and use it to make food |
pigment | colored chemical compound that absorbs light- produces color |
chlorophyll | green pigment found in chloroplasts |
stomata | small openings of leaves |
respiration | process where cells break down simple food molecules to release energy |
fermentation | provides energy for cells without using oxygen |
cell cycle | sequence of growth and division of cells |
interphase | stage of cell cycle before cell division |
replication | makes copy of DNA in nucleus |
mitosis | stage of cell cycle during which cell's nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei |
chromosome | rod-shaped carries genetic info that controls inherited traits (eye color) |
chromatid | one identical rod of a chromosome |
cytokinesis | final stage of cell cycle - organelles distributed |