| A | B |
|---|
| Reformation | A movement for religious reform begun by Martim Luther |
| Savonarola | Italian friar who preache fiery sermons calling for reform in Florence and in the papacy |
| Protestants | Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches |
| Grand Armada | Spanish fleet of ships that attacked England |
| Annul | to cancel or put an end to something, such as marriage |
| Leo X | Pope who excommunicated Luther |
| Indulgence | A pardon releasing the sinner from performing a penalty |
| Johann Tetzel | Friar who angered Luther and prompted Luther to post his 95 Theses |
| Peace of Augsberg | Famous settlement that allowed each German ruler to decide whether his state would be Lutheran or Catholic |
| Henry VIII | English king who broke with the Catholic Church |
| Anglican Church | Another name for the Church of England |
| Catherine of Aragon | Henry VIII's first wife |
| Alexander VI | Pope who publically admitted to having children |
| Charles V/Charles I of Spain | Holy Roman Emperor who brought Luther to trial |
| Edict of Worms | Official document that declared Luther an outlaw and heretic |
| Act of Supremacy | Act that made English king the official head of the church in England |
| Anabaptist | Religious movement that only believed in adult baptism |
| Ignatius of Loyola | Founder of the Society of Jesus |
| John Calvin | Founder of religious movement known as Calvinism |
| Paul III | Pope who called the Council of Trent |
| John Knox | Scottish follower of John Calvin who is considered the founder of Presbyterianism |
| Huguenots | French followers of Calvin |
| Paul IV | Pope who was responsible for the Index of Forbidden Books |
| Mary (Stuart), Queen of Scots | Queen whom Elizabeth I had executed for taking part in plots against Elizabeth |
| Marguerite of Navarre | Female who protected Calvin from execution while he resided in France |
| Francis Xavier | Famous Jesuit who worked in India in the 1500's |
| Counter Reformation or Catholic Reformation | Reform movement in the Catholic Church |
| Spiritual Exercises | Book written by Ignatius of Loyola that laid out a day-by-day plan of prayer and meditation |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | Killing of many Huguenots occured on this feast day |
| Diet of Worms | Parliament that Luther was called to and asked to recant his heretical beliefs |
| Charles VII | King who used the taille and gabelle to increase the royal treasury |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | Spanish king and queen who drove the Muslims out of Granada |
| Henry VII | First Tudor king who created the Court of the Star Chamber |
| Wars of the Roses | Civil war in England that ended at the Battle of Bosworth Field |
| Court of the Star Chamber | Court created under Henry VII to punish his enemies |
| Taille and gabelle | Salt and land taxes in France |
| Tonnage and poundage | Import and export taxes in England |
| Against the Murdering Hordes of Peasants | Pamphlet written by Luther denouncing the revolt of the peasants |
| Transubstantiation | Belief that during the mass that the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ |
| Consubstantiation | Luther's belief that Christ was somehow mysteriously present in the bread and wine |
| Predestination | Central belief of Calvinism |
| Elect | According to Calvin one who is saved |
| Reprobate | According to Calvin one who is condemned |
| Interim | An attempt by Charles V to please both the Catholics and Lutherans in Germany |
