| A | B |
|---|
| Cell cycle | The phases in the life of a cell |
| Interphase | The portion of the cell cycle between divisions |
| G1 Phase | The number of organelles and the amount of cytoplasm in a cell increase |
| Replication | The process of coyping genetic material |
| S Phase | The chromosomes of the cell replicate |
| Sister Chromatids | The identical copies of each chromosome that result from replication |
| Centromere | The structure which joins sister chromatids |
| G2 Phase | preparation for mitosis |
| Mitosis | Series of phases in cell division during which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei with identical genetic material |
| Cytokinesis | The cytoplasm of the cell divides into two new cells |
| Daughter cells | The two new, identical cells formed during cytokinesis |
| Prophase | Spindle fibers begin to assemble |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes meet in the middle |
| Anaphase | Chromosomes pull apart |
| Teolphase | Pinch together |
| Differentiation | The changes that take place in cells as they develop |
| Growth factors | Chemicals that stimulate the division and differentiation of new cells during growth |
| Regeneration | The process of growing back lost body parts |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction in which one parent produces offspring by cell division |
| Budding | The formation of a small bud-like cell from a larger cell |
| Fragmentation | Separated pieces of the parent organism can develop into new individuals |
| Vegetative Reproduction | New plants grow from the stems, roots, or leaves of an exisiting plant |
| Tumor | Abnormal growth |
| Benign Tumor | Cells remain together and usually cause little harm |
| Malignant | Cells break free from a tumor and migrate to new locations |
| Cancer | The spread of malignant cells to new locations |
| Sexual Reproduction | When chromosomes of two parents combine to produce offspring |
| Gametes | Sperm or Egg, Contain chromosomes |
| Meiosis | Cellular reproduction which produces gametes |
| Diploid | Any cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes |
| Haploid | A cell with only one complete set of chromosomes |
| 23 | Haploid number in a human |
| 46 | Diploid number in a human |
| Fertilization | When an egg and a sperm cell of the same type of organism join to produce a new individual |
| Zygote | The single cell that results from fertilization |
| Homologous pairs | Matching pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| Gene | Codes for one trait, or characteristic, of an organism |
| Crossing Over | The exhange of genes between pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| Variation | Differences among members of a population |
| Evolution | The process of change in living populations over time |
| N | represents the haploid number of chromosomes for an organism |
| 2N | Represents the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism |
