| A | B |
|---|
| congenital | A _ disr is present at birth, but is not necessarily transmitted genetically |
| hereditarydisr | genetically acquired |
| genetically | A disr that is transmitted to the affected individual by the genes of one/both parents is _ acquired |
| gene | A functional unit of heredity |
| chromosomes | Genes are arranged in bands along coils of proteins and DNA called _. |
| identical | When homologous genes are _, the individual is said to be homozygous. |
| homologous | When _ genes are identical, the individual is said to be homozygous. |
| homozygous | When homologous genes are identical, the individual is said to be _. |
| autosomes | The _ are numbered from 1 to 22 in the order of decreasing length. |
| decreasing | The autosomes are numbered from 1 to 22 in the order of _ length |
| heterozygous | When homologous genes are not identical, the individual is said to be _ for eye color. |
| genes | Some _ exert their effects only in homozygous individuals. |
| recessive | When both genes at a given locus are identical. |
| trait | If a gene appears on only one chromosome of a pair, the _ for which it codes for is not expressed. |
| carrier | An individual having only one recessive gene is called a _ of that gene. |
| dominant | A gene that has its effects even in a heterozygous individual, that is, when paired w/ a gene that is not identical to it, is said to be _. |
| mendelian | The basic pattern of normal inheritance is called _. |
| phenotype | The complex of traits as observed by inspection and other means. |
| genotype | The actual genetic composition of the individual's chromosomes, as determined by chromosomal analysis |
| meiosis | In the formation of human sex cells, the chromosome pairs divide by a process called _. |
| mosaicism | A form of nondisjunction in which some of the cells of an individual have one genetic constitution while other cells have a different genetic constitution. |
| mutation | A permanent, transmissible change affecting (usually) a single gene. |
| autosomal | Genetic defects in autosomes are called _. |
| sexlinkedXlinked | Defects in sex chromosomes are called _ or (since they all affect the X chromosome) _. |
| abnormality | Not all genetic mutations cause evident _. |
| inbornerrorsofmetabolism | Early in the 20th century, this term was applied to genetic diseases that were known to involve biochemical genetic flaws |
| biochemicalgenetics | _ refers to the detection of abnormally high or low levels, or the absence, of proteins & other substances in body fluids/tissues. |
| moleculargenetics | DNA analysis of chromosomes is sometimes called _ |
| sequences | In molecular genetics, ABNL DNA _ are identified in individual genes by chemical analysis |
| expensive | Molecular genetics is the most specific and also the most _ method of genetic diagnosis now in use |
| polymerasechainreaction | Very small quantities of specimen material can be amplified thru _ technology. |
| PCR | Abbreviation of polymerase chain reaction |
| probe | Specific sequences of DNA can be identified by DNA _ |
| DNAprobe | An artifically fabricated strand of DNA that finds and fuses w/ the sequence of DNA being sought |
| maternal | Indications for prenatal genetic studies include advanced _ age, genetic disease in either parent or in other offspring, and ABNL findings on prenatal ultrasound examination |
| exocrine | Cystic fibrosis: a disr in which _ glands secrete abnormally thick mucus |
| consequences | The ABNLy thick mucus of cystic fibrosis results in duct obstruction and other adverse _ |
| cysticfibrosis | _ is the most common lethal genetic disease in the U.S. |
| conductanceregulator | Cause of cystic fibrosis: absence of _ from mucus gland cells thru-out the body |
| familyhistory | In cystic fibrosis, most patients have a _ of the disease |
| meconiumileus | In cystic fibrosis, the patient has this problem in infancy, bowel obstruction due to ABNLy thick meconium |
| failuretothrive | In cystic fibrosis,the patient has _, cough,dyspnea on exertion,recurrent respiratory infections, &other problems. |
| ADEK | In diagnostic testing for cystic fibrosis, there is anemia, hypoalbuminemia,& low levels of these fat-solube vitamins in serum |
| trypsinogen | In diagnostic testing of cystic fibrosis, plasma levles of immunoreactive _ may be elevated |
| peribronchial | In diagnostic testing for cystic fibrosis, chest x-ray may show _ cuffing and other problems |
| chloride | In cystic fibrosis, the sweat _ level is elevated |
| deficiencies | The course of cystic fibrosis involves recurrent respiratory infections and nutritional _ |
| twentry | In cystic fibrosis, only 1/2 of all patients survive beyond this age: _ |
| pulmonale | Complications&sequelae of cystic fibrosis:cor _,hepatic cirrhosis,asthma,nutritional deficiency |
| therapy | One of the treatments for cystic fibrosis involves physical _ |
| drainage | One of the treatments for cystic fibrosis involves postdural _ |
| osals | One of the treatments for cystic fibrosis involves aer_ |
| chodilators | One of the treatments for cystic fibrosis involves bron_ |
| pneumococcal | One of the treatments for cystic fibrosis involves prophylactic use of influenza & _ vaccines |
| corticosteroids | One of the treatments for cystic fibrosis involves prophylactic use of _ for exacerbations of pulmonary symptoms |
| supplements | One of the treatments for cystic fibrosis involves the use of nutritional _ &pancreatic enzyme _ |
| anemia | Deficiency of red blood cells |
| atelectasis | Collapse of part of a lung |
| basilar | Pertaining to the bases of the lungs |
| bases | The lowermost parts of the lungs |
| bronchiectasis | ABNL, irreversible dilation of bronchi, related to chronic infection |
| clubbing | Club-shaped deformity of fingertips |
| pulmonary | Clubbing is seen in chronic _ disease |
| cor | _ pulmonale: dilatation,hypertrophy,/failure of the right ventricle |
| chronic | Cor pulmonale is due to _ pulmonary disease |
| corticosteroid | Cortisol or aldosterone, or any synthetic drug having similar effects |
| cortisolandaldosterone | These 2 hormones are hormones of the adrenal cortex |
| peribronchialcuffing | Thickening of bronchial walls as seen on chest x-ray |
| dyspnea | Shortness of breath |
| exocrine | Referring to glands that discharge their secretions thru ducts instead of thru the bloodstream |
| flatulence | Excessive intestinal gas |
| hypoalbuminemia | Deficiency of albumin in the blood |
| ileus | Intestinal obstruction |
| infiltrate | Diffusion of inflammatory fluid or exudate into air cavities of the lung,/ their walls,producing cloudiness of lung tissue on chest x-ray |
| meconium | Stool formed in the fetal intestine b4 birth |
| prophylactic | Preventive |
| rale | A crackling/bubbling sound heard on auscultation of the lungs |
| accumulation | Rales are due to _ of fluid in air passages/swelling of their walls |
| steatorrhea | Passage of excessive fat in stools |
| phenylketonuria | PKU is the abbreviation for _ |
| PKU | An inborn error of metabolism causing mental retardation unless diagnosed&treated in early life |
