| A | B |
|---|
| hunter-gatherers | people survived by gather ing fruits, nuts and roots; and by hunting animals |
| domesticate | people adapt plants and animals for their own uses |
| fertile | productive; containing substances that plants nee to grow |
| surplus | more produced than needed |
| civilization | a society with cities, a goverenment, and social classes |
| migrate | move |
| ethnic groups | groups that share languages, religions, family ties, and customs |
| Louis Leakey | scientist that found some of the first evidence of early people in East Africa |
| Nubia | an ancient region in Northern Africa |
| Egypt | A country in North Africa that was oringinally formed by villiages developing around the Nile River. |
| Bantu-speakers | a group of people that moved from West Africa to Central and Southern Africa |
| Quran | the holy book of religion for Islam |
| pilgrimage | a religious journey |
| Swahili | a language developed around the East African coast, that was a Bantu language with some Arab words mixed in. |
| city-state | a group of people that has its own government and controls much of the surrounding lan |
| Aksum | a kingom located in East Africa, in what is now Ethopia. The people who lived here were traders. |
| Ghana | kingdom located between the Senegal an Niger rivers. So much gold was traded from here that the Arabs called it "land of gold". |
| Mali | Kingdom arose in the Upper Niger Valley. |
| Songhi | A kingdom that became one of West Africa's most powerful kingdom. Rulers controlled important trade routes. |
| Mansa-Musa | Mali's most famous king. He brought peace and order to the kingdom during his 25 - year reign. |
| Tombouctou | a trading and Muslim learning center of the Songhi kingdom |
| Kilwa | One of the powerful city-states of East Africa. Ibn Batuta said that it was " one of the most beautiful and best constructed towns in the world." |
| colonize | to settle an area and form or. take over the government |
| nationalism | is a feeling of pride for one's homeland |
| Pan-Africanism | a ;movement formed to create unity and cooperation among all Africans, whether they live in Africa or not. |
| Leopald Sedar Senghor | was a leader of Pan-Africanism, and the first president of Senegal after it became independent |
| Kwame Nkrumah | became Ghana's first president in 1960, after he organized protests against British rule in the 1950's |
| boycotts | people refuse to buy or use certain products or services |
| democracy | a government in which citizens have power through their elected representatives |
