| A | B |
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| threat | In the 1850s, Americans in the North and South saw the other side as a ___ to the American way of life. |
| historians | Disagree about the inevitability of the Civil War. Some argue the North and South share strong bonding similarities. Others emphasize irreconcilable differences between the North and South. |
| democracy, capitalism, prejudice | Similarities between the North and South. |
| liberty/ freedom | Many northerners' new concept of ____ led them to believe it should be applied to all and that no one should have the right to enslave. |
| Civil War | Not about whether or not to end slavery. Issue: Will the South remain part of the United States. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin making a case against slavery which led many to oppose and speak out against slavery. |
| Simon Legree | Brutal slave master in Uncle Tom's Cabin that shaped the North's view of the South and showed how slavery could corrupt even those born outside this institution. |
| slavery | After reading Uncle Tom's Cabin, many northerners came to believe that ___ would be the ruin of the nation. |
| happy patriarchical families | Southern view of plantation life. |
| George Fitzhugh | Wrote Cannibals All asserting that the North is worse than the South because Northern industrialists do not care for their workers' welfare. |
| Compromise of 1850 | Designed to balance to interests of the North and South to prevent the issue of slavery from tearing the nation apart. |
| Northerners | In the Compromise of 1850, ___ were pleased that California was admitted as a free state and that the actual sale of enslaved people was outlawed in the nation's capital. |
| Southerners | In the Compromise of 1850, ___ were pleased with the inclusion of the Fugitive Slave Act. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | Required all citizens to assist in the return of slaves and denied trial by jury to runaways. |
| John C. Calhoun | Proponent of the South who believed in liberty, fighting against anything that threatened liberty, and states' rights. |
| North | Became increasing powerful as it gained more representation in Congress due to its large and growing population. |
| Second American Party System | Ended in the 1850s because economic issues were largely resolved and the nation had to address the issue of slavery. |
| nativism | Movement that sought privileges for those who were born in the United States as opposed to more recent immigrants and included the hatred of Catholicism. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 | People in these territories will decide the legal status of slavery (forget the Missouri Compromise and 36'30). |
| Stephen Douglas | Proposed the Missouri Compromise to help Chicago benefit from the development of the West and to win favor with both the North and South to aid in his presidential aspirations. |
| morality/ liberty | Both the North and the South were convinced that the other acted against ___. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 | When passed, both free soilers and proslavery people moved to Kansas rapidly to influence the vote. |
| Bleeding Kansas | Summer of raids and counteraids between free soilers and proslavery settlers. |
| John Brown | Led a raid killing five proslavery people kicking off a summer of violence. |
| Preston Brooks | Southern congressman who beat Charles Sumner severely with a cane while other southern congressmen looked on without helping. |
| Dred Scott vs. Sanford | One of the most controversial Supreme Court decisions in which Roger Taney sided in favor of slave owners stating that African Americans (slave or free) are not citizens and, therefore, have no rights. In addition, he insisted that because slaves are property and under the Constitution the government must protect property, slavery cannot be prohibited anywhere. |
| Roger Taney | Chief justice of the Supreme Court that wrote the opinion for the Dred Scott case with voided the Missouri Compromise. |
| Lecompton | Proslavery constitution that almost became that of Kansas even though most people in Kansas did not support slavery. |
| Harper's Ferry | John Brown led an attack on ___ hoping to give the weapons to African Americans to rise up, end slavery, punish slaveholders, and purify the United States. |
| Crime Against Kansas | Speech by Charles Sumner in Congress blaming the South for Bleeding Kansas. |
| Republican | In 1860, the election of a ___ was too much for the South to bear. |
| no votes from the Lower South | The South viewed Lincoln's election as political bondage because he received ___. |
| 40% | Lincoln won only ___ of the popular vote in 1860, but still one the election. |
| states' rights | Belief that states should be able to veto acts of the national government. |
| federation | In a confederation, power is not shared between central and regional authorities as in a ___. |
| Confederacy | Another name for the Confederate States of America. |
| Ft. Sumter | Site of first violence of the Civil War. |
| Ft. Sumter | Lincoln viewed ___ as a symbol of the union that he swore to preserve.. |
| options | Compromise; allow seceding states to go in peace; or insist southern states return to the Union. |
| responsibility | As president, Lincoln believed it was his ___ to enforce the laws of the United States and he viewed the secession of the southern states as illegal. |
