| A | B |
|---|
| species | a group of closely related organisms that are able to reproduce. |
| extinction | what happens when a species fails to reproduce |
| Cloning | an identical offspring is created from a single parent’s DNA. |
| Cell division | mitosis and meiosis are both types of this |
| grow, replace worn out cells, or repair tissue damage. | 3 instances when mitosis occurs |
| mitosis | a single cell replicates its genetic information and splits to form two identical cells. |
| meiosis | when a cell splits its genetic information in half in order to create the gametes |
| gametes | sperm and egg cells |
| 23 | most human cells have 46 chromosomes. Sperm and egg calls have |
| 4 sperm cells | Meiosis in males produces these |
| 1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies | Meiosis in females produces these |
| crossing-over | when chromosomes exchange DNA. |
| zygote | After fertilization occurs, the new structure formed is called a |
| genetic recombination | when the genes from both parents combine to form a completely unique individual. |
| differentiation | cells become specialized for a certain function. |
| ovaries | The female gonads |
| egg cells | The female gametes |
| estrogen and progesterone | The hormones that control sexual development in females. |
| oviduct | eggs are released from the ovaries and travel down the |
| placenta | A special structure that controls the passage of nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the embryo. |
| testes | The male gonads |
| sperm cells | The male gametes |
| testosterone | The hormone that controls sexual development in males. |
| menstrual cycle | the female body undergoes hormonal changes to prepare for fertilization |
| birth defects | damage due to inherited genes or exposure to harmful substances |
| Artificial Insemination | fertilization occurs outside of the body, the embryo is then implanted into the woman’s body |
| Hormone Therapy | used to help adjust hormone levels to normal, to promote pregnancy |
| Ultrasound | uses video cameras to observe the developing baby inside of the mother |
