| A | B |
|---|
| nutrient | a substance that provides energy or raw materials for the body to grow,repair worn parts, or function properly |
| calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one Celsius |
| carbohydrate | energy-rich organic compounds, such as sugars and starches, that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy and provide the raw materials to make parts of cells. |
| glucose | a sugar that is a major source of energy for the body's cells |
| fiber | a complex carbohydrate, found in plant foods, that cannot be broken down into sugar molecules by the body |
| fat | high-energy nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and contain more than twice as much energy as an equal amount of carbohydrates |
| unsaturated fat | fats, such as olive oil, that are usually liquid at room temperature |
| saturated fat | fats, such as butter, that are usually solid at room temperatures |
| cholesterol | a waxy,fat like substance, found only in animal cells, that is an important part of body cells;can build up on artery walls |
| protein | large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfer; polymer of amino acids; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part chemical reactions within cells |
| amino acid | small organic compounds that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules;there are 20 common types of amino acids |
| vitamin | an organic compound that serves as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body |
| mineral | a nutient that is needed by the body in small amounts and is not made by living things |
| Percent Daily Value | an indication of how the nutritional content of a food fits into the diet of a person who consumes a total of 2,000 Calories a day |
| digestion | the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller nutrient molecules |
| absorption | the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood |
| saliva | the fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion |
| enzyme | a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the bodies of living things |
| epiglottis | a flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering |
| esophagus | a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| mucus | a thick, slippery substance produced by the body |
| peristalis | involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system |
| stomach | a J-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen that expands to hold all of the food that is swallowed |
| small intestine | the part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place |
| gallbladder | the organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver |
| large intestine | the last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body |
| liver | the largest and heaviest organ in the body; it breaks down substances and eliminates nitrogen from the body |
| bile | a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles |
| villus | one of the tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed |
| pancreas | a triangular organ that produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine |
| rectum | a short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into solid form before being eliminated |
| anus | the opening at the end of an organism's digestive system through which wastes exit |
