| A | B |
|---|
| Gregor Mendel | Father of modern genetics |
| Punnett Square | a diagram that shows the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| Genetics | Study of Heredity |
| Principle of dominance | Some traits show up while others remain hidden |
| Segregation | Alleles separate during meiosis (gamete formation) |
| Independent Assortment | genes segregate randomly during meiosis (gamete formation) |
| True-breeding | If a plant is allowed to self pollinate, the offspring will be identical to the parent |
| Hybrid | Combination of two different alleles |
| Alleles | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| Homozygous | describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes |
| Heterozygous | describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait |
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism; example = Tt |
| Genotypic ratio | the ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring |
| Phenotype | an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment |
| Phenotypic ratio | the ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross |
| Gamete | a reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm; contains half of the normal number of chromosomes |
| Monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| Dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals involving two traits |
