| A | B |
|---|
| ionic bond | transfer of electrons from metals to nonmetals |
| electronegativity difference > 1.7 | ionic |
| electronegativity difference < 0.2 | nonpolar covalent |
| electronegativity difference 0.2 - 1.7 | polar covalent |
| formula unit | gives the ratio of cations to anions |
| covalent bond | between nonmetallic elements, electron orbitals overlap, a pair of electrons is simultaneously attracted to two nuclei which results in lowering of energy |
| bond length of a covalent bond | distance of two nuclei at the minimum potential energy level |
| polar covalent bond | are bonds in which electrons are shared unequally |
| nonpolar covalent bond | are bonds in which electrons are shared (fairly) equally |
| coordinate covalent bond | are bonds formed when one atom contributes both bonding electrons |
| resonance structures | are drawn when more than one Lewis dot structure for a molecule is possible |
| metallic bond | valence electrons are not bound to any particular cation, but are free to move throughout the metallic crystal |
| properties of metals | good conductors of electricity, ductile, malleable |
| alloy | metallic substances composed of two or more elements - at least one of these elements is a metal |
| stainless steel | iron, chromium, carbon and nickel |
| sterling silver | silver and copper |
| 14 karat gold | gold and copper |
| brass/bronze | copper and zinc |
| unit cell arrangements | give crystals their shape |
| Gilbert Lewis | divised Lewis dot diagrams |
