| A | B |
|---|
| Aficans | Peoples brought to the Americas against their will and forced to work for the colonists |
| Atahuallpa | leader of Incas killed by the Spanish |
| Motecuhzoma | Aztec leader when Europeans came to Mexica |
| Tisquantum | Indian who taught the Pilgrims how to fish and plant crops that would do well |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who ordered his soldiers to kill the Inca emperor |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | European who founded a colony at Roanoke Island that soon disappeared |
| Hernando de Sota | explorer who claimed for Spain all of what is today the southeastern United States |
| Samuel de Champlain | explorer who founded Quebec and Montreal |
| Hernando Cortes | leader of the Spanish conquistadors who conquered the Aztecs |
| Indian Peoples | peoples who died from hunger, overwork, and diseases after being enslaved by the Spanish |
| Jacques Cartier | explorer who looked for the Northwest Passage |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | Spanish explorer who looked for the Fountain of Youth and named present-day Florida |
| missionaries | people who came to the Americas to convert native peoples to Christianity |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | Spanish explorer who heard stories about the Seven Cities of Gold and set out to find them |
| conquistador | Any of the Spanish conquerors in the Americas during the 1500s |
| civil war (pg. 152) | A war between people of the same country |
| grant (pg. 154) | A gift of money to be used for a special purpose |
| mainland (pg. 154) | The main part of the continent, rather than an island near the continent. |
| rumor (pg. 155) | A story that has been told but has not been proved |
| claim (pg. 156) | To declare that you or your country owns something |
| desertion (pg. 157) | Running away from duties, such as military service |
| missionary (pg. 159) | A person who teaches his or her religion to others |
| colony (pg. 159) | A settlement ruled by another country |
| colonist (pg. 159) | A person who lives in a colony |
| plantation (pg. 159) | A huge farm |
| Northwest Passage (pg. 167) | A water route that explorers wanted to find so that traders could cut through North America to Asia |
| trade network (pg. 168) | A system in which trade takes place between certain groups of people |
| agent (pg. 168) | A person who does business for other people |
| Columbian Exchange (pg. 164) | The movement of plants, animals, and people from one continent to another. It is named for Christopher Columbus, one of the first explorers to transfer items across the Atlantic Ocean. |
| armada (pg. 172) | A fleet of warships |
| profit (pg. 173) | In a business, money left over after everything has been paid for |
| pilgrim (pg. 175) | A person who makes a journey for a religious reason |
| compact (pg. 175) | An agreement |
| Mayflower Compact (pg. 175) | An agreement by those on the Mayflower to make and obey laws for their colony. This was the first example of self-rule by American colonists. |
| interpreter (pg. 176) | A person who translates from one language to another. |
