| A | B |
| Westphalian system | Recognizes sovereign nation states |
| sovereign | self-governing, independent |
| papal | related to the Pope |
| oracle | an authoritative or wise statement |
| tributary system | system used by China to maintain its empire |
| Zhou Dynasty | depended on feudal lords to maintain control |
| Sun Zi | famous Chinese military strategist |
| Confucious | his writings were basic to the Chinese exam system |
| hegemon | person or country that dominates others |
| Xiongnu | nomads who harrassed Chinese during the Sandai (Xia, Shang, Zhou) |
| steppes | grassland areas where Nomads flourished |
| Qin (prounounced "Chin") | The name "China" was derived from his dyanasty |
| Mummies of Urumchi wore this | plaid cloth |
| Realpolitik | German for "practical politics" not based on morality |
| Machtpolitik | German for "power politics" Using force for national interest |
| sedentary | staying in one place |
| nomadic | moving from place to place |
| accretion | to add on little by litte |
| first Chinese grain | millet |
| barbarians | any group that could not read/write Chinese |