| A | B |
|---|
| Freedmen's Bureau | set up schools, hospitals for African Americans in postwar South |
| Reconstruction | time period after Civil War, 1865 to 1877 |
| postwar | a time period after a war |
| just | fair: as in..."a just and lasting peace" |
| malice | hatred: as in... "with malice toward none" |
| charity | compassion, kindness: as in... "with charity for all" |
| amnesty | official pardon |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| code | a word that means a state law |
| acquitted | found not guilty |
| 13th Amendment | ended slavery in the U.S. |
| black codes | laws passed after the Civil War by some southern states which restricted the freedom of African Americans |
| Radical Republicans | this group demanded full and equal citizenship for African Americans |
| civil rights | rights granted to all citizens |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | all citizens were entitled to equal rights regardless of race |
| Native Americans | not included in the civil rights laws of Reconstruction |
| 14th Amendment | 1866 Amendment which said all people born in the U.S. were citizens and had the same rights |
| Reconstruction Acts of 1867 | 5 military districts, southern states must ratify the 14 Amend. and give African Americans males the right to vote |
| impeach | to accuse, Andrew Johnson was impeached in 1868 |
| African American families | could marry, could not be sold, many reunited after the War |
| African American schools | often started by the Freedmen's Bureau who raised $5 million for this purpose |
| white racists | killed teachers and burned freemen's schools in some parts of the South |
| 40 acres and a mule | only a rumor, Congress did not pass a land reform plan during Reconstruction |
| Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens | leaders of the Radical Republicans in Congress |
| Andrew Johnson | did not support Civil Rights Act of 1866 or the 14th Amendment |
| contract system | African Americans worked for very low wages, housing and food was not included |
| sharecropping | this system of farm work kept freedmen in a cycle of poverty and debt (see chart, page 543) |
| Ku Klux Klan | its goals were to restore Democrat control in the South and to keep African Americans powerless |
| Ulysses Grant | elected President in 1868 |
| election of 1868 | despite Klan attacks, about 500,000 southern African Americans voted in this election |
| 15th Amendment | citizens could not be stopped from voting because of their race |
| Anti-Klan law | 1871 law which resulted in the arrest of thousands of Klansmen |
| Panic of 1873 | a time of economic depression with low business activity and high unemployment |
| poll tax | a fee which was required to vote |
| literacy test | a test of reading and writing |
| Compromise of 1877 | in this agreement, the Democrats promised to respect the rights of African Americans |
