| A | B |
|---|
| Bessie Smith | Known as "the Empress of the Blues" -- singer who seemed to sybolize soul |
| Marcus Garvey | black leader from Jamaica; called for "Negro Nationalism" which glorified the black culture and traditions of the past |
| Al Capone | gangster from Chicago during Prohibition |
| Billy Sunday | former major league baseball player turned evangelical fundamentalist preacher |
| Langston Hughes | writer who developed into a prominent voice of the African American experience in the U.S. |
| Oscar DePriest | first African American representative in Congress from a Northern State |
| Charles Lindbergh | pilot who made the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic |
| William Jennings Bryan | prosecuter of the Scopes Trial |
| Duke Ellington | composer, pianist, and bandleader whose sound was a blend of improvisation and orchestration using different combinations of instruments |
| Margret Mead | one of the first woman anthropologists |
| bootlegging | illegal production and distribution of liquor |
| creationism | belief that God created teh world as described in the Bible |
| Scopes trial | dramatic case which pitted fundamentalism against modernism |
| eugenics | a psudo-science that warned against breeding the "inferior";focused on improving hereditary traits |
| police powers | granted to federal and state governments to help them enforce Prohibition; a government's right to control people and property in the interest of public safety, health, welfare, and morals |
| evolution | human beings developed from lower forms of life |
| mass media | radio, movies, newspapers and magazines; helped spread new ideas of the 1920s |
| Bohemian | person living artistic and unconventional lifestyle of the 1920's |
| Great Migration | movement of African Americans from the rural south to industria cities in the North which created powerful voting blocs in the North |
| flappers | a young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional woman; smoked cigarettes, drank illegal liquor, and dressed in inappropriate clothing |
| Fundamentalists | religious movement; believed in the authority of the Bible and creationism |
| Ernest Hemingway | wrote a "Farwell to Arms" which portrayed war's meaningless violence |
| anarchist | people who oppose all forms of government |
| speakeasy | secret bars during Prohibition |
| Emergency Quota Act | signed by President Hardig; created a temporary quota system limiting immigration; based on ethinic identity and national origin |
| Harlem Renaissance | the flowering of African American arts |
| Clarence Darrow | celebrated trial lawyer who defended John T. Scopes |
| Aimee Semple McPerson | evangelical preacher who held revivals and faith healing in Los Angelos in a flamboyant theatrical style |
| National Origins Act of 1924 | made immigration restriction a permanent policy; reduced quotas |
| Edward Hopper | realistic painter who focused on disenchantment and isolation of the modern era |
| Sacco and Vanzetti Case | case which found two Italian immigrants and anarchists guilty of murder, some view case as an example of prejudice against people based on their ethnic origin and political beliefs |
| Greenwich Village & the South Side | areas where artists, writers, and intellectuals flocked |
| Carl Sandburg | Chicago poet who used common speech to glorigy the Midwest and the expansive nature of American life |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | famous writer who wrote "The Great Gatsby" |
| The Sultan of Swat | Babe Ruth |
| Charles Scheeler | artist who applied the influences of photography and the geometric forms of Cubism to urban and rural American landscapes |
| Zora Neale Hurston | important writer of the Harlem Renaissance whose work influenced contemporary writers Ralph Ellison and Toni Morrison |
| Claude McKay | First important writer of the Harlem Renaissance |
| Universal Negro Improvement Association | organizations aimed at promoting black pride and unity |
| blues | soulful style of music which evolved from African American spirituals |
| Louis Armstrong | musicians from New Orleans who introduced an improvisational, early form of jazz |
| jazz | form of music influenced by Dixieland music and ragtime |
| "Shuffle Along" | first musical written, produced, and performed by African Americans, made debut on Broadway in 1921 |
| prohibition | banning of alcohol |
| 18th Amendment | adopted because people believed that Prohibition would help reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty |
| 21st Amendment | repealed the 18th Amendment; ended Prohibition in 1933 |
| the Butler Act | outlawed the teaching of evolution |
| William J. Simmons | founded the new Ku Klux Klan in Atlanta which focused on the restriction of immigrants |
| Ku Klux Klan | decline in the late 1920's resulted from scandals and power struggles involving its leaders |
| "The Jazz Singer" | first talking motion picture made in 1927 |
| motion pictures | outweighed sports in popularity during the 1920's |
| NAACP's greatest political triumph | defeat of Judge John J. Parker's (a racist judge) nomination to the Supreme Court |
| Anti-Lynching Law | passed in 1922 as a result of the NAACP's persistent lobbying |
| New Morality of the 1920's | glorified personal freedom |
| Volstead Act | also known as the National Prohibition Act; granted the responsibility of enforcing Prohibition to the U.S. Treasury Department |
| economic prosperity of the 1920's | gave Americans more leisure time & more spending money, which they devoted to making their lives more enjoyable |
| "heroic antiheroes" | flawed people who still had heroic qualities of mind and spirit |
