| A | B |
|---|
| Earthquake | The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath the earths surface. |
| Epicenter | The point on Earth's surface that is directly above an earthquake's focus. |
| Focus | The point beneath the Earth's surface where rock breaks or moves under stress and causes an earthquake |
| Inference | The act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence. |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | The scale used today to rate earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by the earthquake. |
| Orogeny | The process of mountain formation, especially by a folding and faulting of the earth's crust. |
| Plateau | A large area of flat elevated land. |
| Plate Tectonics | The theory that pieces of the Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. |
| Aa | A slow moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunks; cooler than Pahoehoe. |
| Active | A stage of a volcano when it is erupting, or showing signs of erupting in the "near" future. |
| Volcanic Ash | A component of volcanic eruptions that consists of tiny jagged pieces of rock and glass that is spread over broad areas by wind and can turn daylight into complete darkness. |
| Batholith | A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust. |
| Caldera | The large hole at the top of a volcano that forms when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses. |
| Cinder Cone Volcano | A type of volcano; steep cone-shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening. |
| Composite Volcano | A type of volcano; tall cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials. |
| Crater | A bowl shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening. |
| Dike | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself acrross layers of rock. |
| Dormant | A stage of a volcano that does not show signs of erupting in the "near" future, a sleeping volcano. |
| Extinct | A stage of a volcano that has stopped being active and is unlikely to ever erupt again. |
| Geothermal Energy | Energy from water or steam that has been heated by magma under the Earth. |
| Geyser | A fountain of water or steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals. |
| Hot Spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it. |
| Hot spring | A pool formed by groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated by a nearby body of magma. |
| Island Arc | A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench. |
| Lava | Liquid magma that reaches the Earth's surface; also the rock formed when liquid lava hardens. |
| Lava Flow | The area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent. |
| Magma | The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases and water from the mantle. |
| Magma Chamber | A pocket beneath a volcano where magmo collects. |
| Pahoehoe | A hot, fast-moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth ropelike coils. |
| Pipe (conduit) | A long tube through which magma moves from the mamga chamber to the Earth's surface in a volcano. |
| Pyroclastic Flow | The dangerous expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption. |
| Ring of Fire | A major belt of volcanoes that rims the pacific ocean. |
| Shield Volcano | A type of volcano; wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of easily flowing lava that is formed by quiet eruptions. |
| Silica | A material that is formed from silicon and oxygen which increases the viscosity of magma |
| Sill | A slab of volcanic rock that forms when magma squeezes between layers of rock. |
| Stratovolcano | A type of volcano; tall cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials. |
| Vent | The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano. |
| Volcanic neck | A deposit of hardened magma in an extinct volcano's pipe, usualy found when the rest of the volcanic deposition is eroded away. |
| Volcano | A weak spot in the crust where magma comes to the surface. |
| Viscosity | a condition of being glutious or sticky, thick. |
| Viscous | Having relatively high resistance to flow, thick or sticky. |
| Seismic Waves | A vibration that travels through the Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |
| Seismograph | A device that records the ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth. |
| -ic, -id, -ity, -ous, -ish, -ite, -ive | a condition of being _______, to be ________ |
| asthenes | weak |
| bio | life |
| con / com /sym / syn | together, with |
| di / bi | separate / two |
| duc | to lead |
| gaea | land |
| geo | Earth, rock |
| lithos | stone, |
| ology | the study of |
| pan | all |
| radia | a ray |
| seism | shaking |
| Sphere | a ball |
| sub | under, below |
| tion / sion | the act of |
| trans | across |
| vect | carried |
| therm | heat |
| vulcan | fire |
| oe | house |
| pyro | fire |
| clas(t) | break, broken, a fragment |
| viscos | sticky |
| anti | against |
| phobia | a fear of _________ |
| epi | over |
| graphy | write, writing |
| liqu- | fluid, liquid |
| strata | layer |
| a | not, without |
| verge | to bend or turn |
