| A | B |
|---|
| Long bones | relatively long and slender; found in the arm and forearm, thigh and leg, palms, soles, fingers, and toes |
| Short bones | boxlike in appearance; wrist and ankles |
| Flat bones | have thin, roughly paralles surfaces;from the roof of the skull, the sternum, the ribs, and the scapula |
| Irregular bones | complex shapes with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces; the spinal vertebrae and several skull bones |
| Sesamoid bones | generally small, flat, and shaped somewhat like a sesame seed; develope inside tendons and are most commonly located near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet |
| Sutural bones | flat, irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull |
| Osseous tissue | a.k.a. bone tissue |
| Compact bone | a.k.a. dense bone; relatively solid |
| Spongy bone | forms an open network of struts and plates |
| Diaphysis | long tubular shaft |
| Epipysis | extended area at each end of the femur |
| Metaphysis | the narrow zone that the diaphysis and epiphysis are connected at |
| Narrow cavity | a.k.a. medullary cavity; surrounded by the layer of compact bone that the wall of the diaphysis consists of |
| Cortex | the thin covering of compact bone that the epiphysis consist largely of |
| Bone marrow | a loose connective tissue: what the marrow cavity of the diaphysis and the spaces between the struts and plates of the epiphysis contain |
| Lacunae | the pockets that the bones cells, or osteocytes, of the matrix are contained within |
| Canaliculi | narrow passageways through the matrix that extend between the lacunae and nearby blood vessels, forming a branching network for the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and gases |
| Hydroxyapatite bone cells | the crystals formed by the interaction of calcium phosphates with calcium hydroxide |
| Osteoprogenitor | the small numbers of mesenchymal cells that the bone contains |
| Osteoblasts | responsible for the production of new bone matrix |
| Osteoid | the matrix prior to calcification |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cells that account for most of the cell population |
| Lamellae | the layers of calcified matrix that sandwich the lacunae the the osteocytes are found in |
| Osteoclasts | giant cells with 50 or more nuclei, remove bone matrix |
| Osteolysis | a.k.a. resorption; important in the regulation of calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids |
