| A | B |
|---|
| Lovett positive | vertebral body rotations and convexity towards the low side of the sacrum |
| Lovett positive in Excess | vertebral body rotation and convexity is towards the low side of the sacrum, but to a greater degree, spasms on concavity |
| Lovett Negative | convexity is towards the low side of sacrum, but vertebral body rotation is towards the high side of sacrum, spasms on convexity |
| Lovett Static | convexity towards the low side of sacrum, but their is no vertebral rotation, bilateral spasms |
| Lovett Failure | Inferior sacrum, bilateral spasms |
| Lovett Reverse | convexity of spine is toward the high side of sacrum, disc hypoplasia |
| Characteristics of Hyperlordosis | tight erector spinae, tight quadracepts, weak abs, weak hamstrings, Need sole lifts |
| Characteristics of Hypolordosis | Tight abs, tight hamstrings, weak erector spinae, weak quadricepts, need Heel lift |
| Characteristics of Anterior tilting posture (or ant. gravity weight line) | Head tilt or rotation, shoulder height, hip height, arm carriage, knee angle (recurvatum), feet malposition, arches/toeing |
| Characteristicss of lateral gravity weight line | external auditory meatus, Anterior body C7, middle of shoulder, ant 1/3 of sacral base, middle hip joint, posterior to patella, 1" anterior to lateral malleolus |
| Characteristics of Posterior Gravity Weight line | Scapula winging, scoliosis, foot angle |
| Cervical facet plane and motion | transverse plane, motion- rotation |
| Thoracic plane and motion | Coronal plane, motion- lateral flexion |
| Lumbar plane and motion | Sagittal plane, motion- flexion/extension |
| Lumbosacral plane and motion | Coronal plane, motion-lateral flexion |
| Coupled motion of cervical and upper thoracic | spinous- rotate into convexity, Body- rotate into concavity |
| Coupled motion of Lumber and lower thoracic | spinous- rotate into concavity, body- rotate into convexity |
| Tonsils | C1, C2 |
| Heart and lung | T1-T4 |
| Stomach | T5-T9 |
| Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder | T6-T10 |
| Kidney | T11-T12 |
| Ovary,Colon | L1,L2 |
| Possible complications of Ligamentum flavum | stretches under tension and retracts without bulging, especially during full extension of cervical spine |
| Posterior Atlanto-Occiptal Membrane | calcification- ponticulus posticus, possible vertebral artery compression |
| Info. about Apical Ligament | poorly developed in most individuals |
| Complications of Transverse ligament | may be compromised in RA,Down's, ankylosing spondylitis |
| Findings of an AS ilium | shorter innominate, smaller obturator foramen, decreased lumbar lordosis, raises femur head level, causes spongy edema at posteroinferior margin of SI joint, sacrum posterior on involved side |
| Findings of a PI ilium | longer innominate, larger obturator foramen, increased lumbar lordosis, lower femur head level, causes spongy edema at post. superior margin of SI joint, sacrum anterior on involved side |
| Findings of EX ilium | decreased width producing a narrow ilium, increased width at the base of the obturator foramen, anterior lumbar curve increases, lowers the femur head, tenderness entire length of SI |
| Findings of an IN ilium | increases width of the ilium making it wider, appears narrow at the base of the obturator foramen, decreases normal anterior curve, raises femur head, causes the foot to diverge away from the median (foot flare) |
| PR-SP | right rotation, no wedge, may have scoliosis on the right, contact SP |
| PRS | right rotation, open wedge on right, scoliosis may be on right, contact SP |
| PRI-M | right rotation, open wedge on left, scoliosis on left, contact Left mammillary |
| PR-M | right rotation, no wedge, scoliosis on left, contact Left mammillary |
| PL-SP | left rotation, no wedge, scoliosis may be on left, contact SP |
| PLS | left rotation, open wedge on left, scoliosis may be on left, contact SP |
| PLI-M | left rotation, open wedge on right, scoliosis on right, contact right mammillary |
| PRS-SP | right rotation, right wedge, scoliosis right, contact SP |
| PRS-M | right rotation, right wedge, scoliosis left, contact Left mammillary |
| PRI-SP | right rotation, left wedge, scoliosis on right, contact SP |
| PRI-M | right rotation, wedge left, scoliosis left, contact left mammillary |
| PR-SP | right rotation, no wedge, scoliosis on right, contact SP |
| PR-M | right rotation, no wedge, scoliosis on left, contact left mammillary |
| PLS-SP | left rotation, left wedge, scoliosis on left, contact SP |
| PLS-M | left rotation, left wedge, scoliosis right, contact right mammillary |
| PLI-SP | left rotation, right wedge, scoliosis left, contact SP |
| PLI-M | left rotation, right wedge,scoliosis on right, contact right mammillary |
| PL-SP | left rotation, no wedge, scoliosis on left, contact SP |
| PL-M | left rotation, no wedge, scoliosis on right, contact right mammillary |
| A1 flexion Malposition | wedging at the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies, increased spacing between involved spinous processes, and enlarged IVF |
| A2 Extension Malposition | wedging at the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies, spinous processes approximated and IVF smaller |
| A3 lateral flexion malposition | lateral wedging visible on the A-P view |
| A4 rotational malposition | vertebral rotation visible on the A-P film, or in the case of the atlas subluxation in the vertex or base posterior views |
| A5 antero/spondylolisthesis | anterior displacement of the vertebral body usually due to pars separation |
| A6 Retrolisthesis | severe posterior displacement due to degeneration of the IVD, and loosening of the motor unit |
| A7 lateral Listhesis | severe lateral displacement of a segment due to degeneration of the IVD and loosening of the motor unit |
| A8 altered interosseous spacing | A=decreased, B= increased |
| A9 | osseous formainal encroachment |
| A views of spinal segments are what? | static |
| B views of spinal segments are what | kinetic |
| C views of spinal segments are what? | sectional |
| D views of spinal segments are what? | Paraspinal |
| B1 hypomobility | fixation |
| B2 hypermobility | loosened motor unit |
| B3 Abberrant motion | a segment or group of vertebral segments move in a manner inconsistent with their corresponding area |
| C1 spinal view is what? | scoliosis and or alteration of curves secondary to muscular imbalance |
| C2 spinal view is what? | scoliosis and or alternation of curves secondary to structural asymmetry |
| C3 spinal view is what? | decompensation of adaptational curves |
| C4 spinal view is what? | abnormal motion of a section |
| D1 spinal view is what? | costovertebral or costotransverse disrelationships |
| D2 spinal view is what? | sacro-iliac subluxations |
| EOP | external occiput |
| axis | first palpable spinous |
| C3 | hyoid bone |
| C4,5 | thyroid cartilage |
| C6 | cricoid cartilage, last moveable spinous in flexion and extension |
| C7 | vertebral prominens (70%) |
| T1 | vertebral prominens (30%) |
| T3 | spine of scapula |
| T4,T5 | sternal angle (2nd rib) |
| L4 | iliac crest |
| S2 | PSIS |
| facet- s/s, ortho, confirm, misc., TRT | scleratogenous extension aggravates, + kemps, x-ray lateral and oblique, Mcnabb's line, adjust and exercise |
| IVF- s/s, ortho, confirm, misc., TRT | one nerve root decreased DTR paraesthesia extension rotation, lateral flexion aggravate condition, ortho- + compression, + distraction, + bakody, confirm- rule out others, TRT- adjust |
| DISC-s/s, ortho, confirm, TRT | antalgia lateral/away and medial/towards, ortho- - valsalva(prolapse) +valsalva(protrusion) + bechterews +lindners, confirm- MRI, TRT- flexion distraction |
| Tumor- S/s, ortho, confrim, TRT | deep boring unrelenting nocturnal pain, ortho- +valsalva, confirm-MRI, TRT- refer |
| Spondylo- s/s, ortho, confirm, misc., TRT | extension aggravates it, ortho- + all tests that traction the lumbar spine +kemps test, confirm- x-ray oblique, misc- L4 degeneration L5 most common step off sign, TRT- adjust only when symptomatic supine or knee chest |
| Canal stenosis- s/s, ortho, confirm | extension aggravates it, ortho's- variable, confirm- x-ray, CAT scan |
| SI- s/s, ortho, confirm | low crest, low gluteals, ortho- +gaenslen's test + supported adam's, confirm- x-ray and motion palpation |
