| A | B |
| caravel | a fast sailing ship that could be steered easily and hold large amounts of cargo |
| chart | another word for map |
| compass | an instrument used for showing directions |
| colony | a settlement far away from the country that rules it |
| Columbian exchange | the movement of people, plants, and animals back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean |
| expedition | a journey made for a special purpose |
| log (journal) | a daily record of a ship's speed and progress |
| navigation | the science of determining a ship's location and direction |
| Northwest Passage | a waterway believed to flow through North America to Asia |
| profit | the money remaining after the costs of a business have been paid |
| caravan | a group of people traveling together |
| conquistador | a name for the Spanish conquerors who first came to North America in the 1500s |
| missionary | a person who teaches his religious beliefs to someone who believes differently |