| A | B |
|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| atom | smallest part of an element with all the properties of that element; building blocks of matter |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by a chemical force |
| compound | chemical substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together |
| mixture | two or more substances physically combined |
| chemical formula | combination of chemical symbols used to represent compounds |
| mineral | A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. |
| inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things |
| crystal | solid in which the atoms or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern that is repeated over and over |
| luster | the way that a mineral reflects light from its surface |
| hardness | ability of a mineral to resist being scratched |
| streak | color of the powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed against an unglazed tile |
| density | mass per unit volume of a substance - measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) |
| cleavage | tendancy of a mineral to break along smooth, definite surfaces |
| fracture | the way a mineral does not cleave breaks along a rough or jagged surface |
| ore | mineral or rock from which useful metals or nonmetals can be removed |
| metal | element that is shiny, conducts electricity and heat and is easily shaped |
| nonmetal | element that has a dull surface, is a poor conductor of electricity and heat, and is not easily shaped |
| gemstone | hard, beautiful, durable substance that can be cut and polished for jewelry and decoration |
| rock | hard substance composed of one or more minerals |
| igneous | rock formed from molten lava or magma when it cools and hardens |
| sedimentary | rock made by compacting and cementing of sediments |
| sediment | particles of rock, shell, and other material that have been carried by wind, water or glaciers |
| metamorphic | rock changed in form because of heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
| rock cycle | a series of processes that causes rocks to change from one kind to another |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock fromed from lava that cools on the Earth's surface |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that formed from magma that cools inside (beneath) the Earth's surface |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock formed from fragments of previously existing rocks |
| organic rock | sedimentary rock that is formed either directly or indirectly from material that was once alive |
| chemical rock | non-clastic sedimentary rock forned by inorganic processes such as evaporation |
| grain | The smallest piece of a mineral in a rock. |
| fossils | Often found in sedimentary rocks which enables scientists to learn about existing life in the past. |
| lava | Melted rock material that reaches the earth's surface before it hardens and cools. |
| properties | The characteristics we observe or test which will help us tell one sample from another. |
| magma | Molten rock that cools and hardens before reaching the earth's surface. |
| streak test | Used to test a mineral's hardness. |
| erosion | The loss of soil due to wind or as a result of washing away by water. |
| ign- | fire |
| morph | form |
| tion | the act of |
| trus | thrust, push |
| solu | alone, dissolved |
| com/con | together |
| meta | change |
| in- | into, inside |
| foss | a ditch, trench |
| solute/solv | dissolved, loose |
| ex- | out, outside |
| satur | filled |
| bio | life |
| lithos | stone |
| geo | Earth, rock |
| foli | leaf |
| text | weave |
| organ | an organ, instrument |
| ology | the study of |
| asthenos | weak |
| fossil | dug up |
| -ity, -ite, -ive, -ic, -id, -ous, -ish | a condition of being _____, a quality of being ___ |
