| A | B |
|---|
| How many skeletal muscles are there? | 600 |
| The skeletal muscles make up ____ to ___% of our body weight. | 40-50% |
| This layer of connective tissue surrounds an entire muscle | Epimysium |
| This separates muscles into fasicles. | Perimysium |
| This surrounds individual muscle fibers. | endomysium |
| Fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone is called _____. | tendon |
| In this type of muscle fiber the fibers come down to a narrow attachment. | convergent |
| this type of fiber runs diagonal | oblique |
| a type of oblique that is double feathered | bipennate |
| It is the part of an attachment that does not move. | origin |
| point of attachment that moves when a muscle contracts. | insertion |
| Can the origin and insertion points of a muscle change? | yes |
| It is the muscle performing the movement. | prime mover |
| muscls that oppose the primary movers. | antagonists |
| muscles that contract along with the prime mover. | synergists |
| they maintain posture or balance during a contraction in the prime movers | fixator muscles |
| the fixd point of a lever, the one that doesn't move is called the ______. | fulcrum |
| An example of this type of lever is moving your neck from your chin into anatomical position. | first class |
| raising up on your toes is what type of lever? | 2nd class |
| The arm is an example of what type of lever? | third class lever |
| term for a small muscle | minimus |
| term for a long muscle | longus |
| term for a large muscle | maximus |
| term for a short muscle | brevis |
| How are the muscles of facial expression unique? | they attach to the skin |
| these muscles are responsible for the chewing movements. | mastication |
| these are paired muscles on either side of the head | muscles that move the head |
| everything inside the rib cage is called the ___ | thorax |
| the muscles of the thorax are responsible for what vital activity? | breathing |
| they elevate the ribs and have you breathe out | internal |
| They depress the ribs and help you to breathe out | external |
| muscles of the abdominal wall are arranged in how many layers? | three |
| What makes the abdominal layers very strong? | they all run in different directions. |
| The outermost layer of the abdominal wall is called the ___________. | external oblique |
| The middle layer of the abdominal layer is called the ________. | internal oblique |
| This is the innermost abdominal layer. | transverse abdominis |
| This runs down the midline of the abdomen from the thorax to the pubic bone. | rectus abdominis |
| This supports the structures in the pelvic cavity | pelvic floor |
| What constitutes the upper limb muscles? | shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand |
| These are the muscles of the chest. | Pectoralis |
| Whatis the diference betweeen major and minor muscles? | minor lies under major |
| This is the very large triangular muscle. | trapezius |
| Which are stronger: binnate or parallel fibers? | bipennate |
| How are skeletal muscles named? | direction of muscle fibers, location, size, number of origins, function, point of attachment, and shape |
| muscle fibers that run parallel to the midline. | rectus |
| muscle fibers that are perpendicular to the midline | transverse |
| muscle fibers that run diagonal | oblique |
| What are the two origins of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? | sternum and clavicle |
| Wehre is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? | mastoid process of the temporal bone |
| muscle that covers the frontal bone | frontalis |
| a broad sheet of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or bone to muscle | aponeurosis |
| This muscle allows you to raise your eyebrows or wrinkle your forehead | frontalis |
| muscle that covers the posterior aspect of the scull and pulls the scalp posteriorly | occipitalis |
| circular muscles of the lips | obicularis oris |
| This muscle closes the mouth and protrudes the lips | obicularis oris |
| muscle that is called the "kissing muscle" | obicularis oris |
| circular muscle around the eyes | obicularis occuli |
| This muscle allows you to close your eyes, squint, blink and wink | obicularis occuli |
| This muscle flattens the cheek as in whistling or blowing a trumpet | buccinator |
| This is the smiling muscle because it raises the corners of the mouth upwards | zygomaticus |
| this muscle closes the jaw | masseter |
| This lies over the temporal muscle | temporalis muscle |
| This muscle inserts into the mandible and acts as a synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw | temporalis muscle |
| this covers the anterolateral neck | platysma |
| When both sides of this muscle contract together they flex the neck and cause the bowing of the head | sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| some people call these muscles the "prayer muscles" | sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| If just one of these muscles contracts, the head is rotated toward the opposite side | sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| In some difficult births, one of these muscles may be injured adn develop spasms. A baby injured in this way hs torticollis or ________. | wryneck |
| Large fan-like muscle of the chest | pectoralis major |
| The origin of this muscle is from the sternum, shoulder girdle, and first six ribs | pectoralis muscle |
| This muscle adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| This muscle inserts at the proximal end of the humerus | the pectoral muscle |
| This lies under the pectoralis major | pectoralis minor |
| muscles that are found between the ribs | intercostal muscles |
| This is a large flat muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity | diaphram |
| This muscle runs from the pubis to the rib cage | rectus abdominus |
| The main function of this muscle is to flex the vertebral column | rectus abdominus |
| This muscle compresses the abdominal contents during defecation and childbirth | rectus abdominus |
| Fibrous bands that cross the rectus abdominus and make the six pack | tendinous intersections |
| Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of humans. The name means "white line" and it is composed mainly of collegen. It separates the right and left rectus abdominus muscle | linea alba |
| These muscles make up the lateral walls of the abdomen | external obliques |
| These muscles flex the vertebrae, rotates the trunk, and bends the trunk laterally | external obliques |
| This abdominal muscle is composed of parallel fibers | transverse abdominus |
| The diamond outlet of the pelvic floor is called the ________. | perineum |
| Exercises that can be performed to strengthen the pelvic floor | kegel exercises |
| This muscle forms the V-taper in muscled individuals | trapezius |
| This is the antagonist to the sternocleidomastoid muscle | trapezius |
| This muscle shrugs the shoulder | trapezius |
| This muscle adducts the arm | trapezius |
| Large flat muscle that covers the lower back | latissimus dorsi |
| This inserts into the proximal end of the humerus | latissimus dorsi |
| They are the deep muscles of the back | erector spinae |
| The longissimus, iliocostalis, and spinalis make up what group of muscles? | erector spinae |
| Fleshy triangle shoulder muscle | deltoid |
| This muscle inserts in the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus | deltoid |
| This muscle abducts the arm | deltoid |
| This group of muscles is made up of the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis and teres major | rotator cuff |
| Why does the shoulder joint need a rotator cuff? | The anatomical head of the humerus does not fit into the glenoid cavity of the scapula so the rotator cuff muscles hold the arm in place |
| This muscle originates on the scapula coracoids and superglenoid cavity | bicep muscle |
| This muscle is a prime mover for flexion of the forearm | bicep |
| This muscle supinates the forearm | bicep |
| This muscle lies deep to the bicep muscle and helps with elbow flexion | brachialis |
| This muscle has three origins | tricep |
| This muscle is a prime mover of elbow extension | tricep brachii |
| This muscle is also called the boxer's muscle because it can deliver a strait-arm knockout punch | tricep brachii |
| This is the antagonist of the bicep brachii | tricep brachii |
| What causes carpal tunnel syndrome. | The tendon sheath around the tendons of the fingers becomes inflammed and presses on the medial nerve. |
| What activities causes carpal tunnel syndrome? | repetitive movements such as typing, meat cutters, factory workers, handicraft workers |
| This muscle forms most of the flesh of the buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| This muscle is below the gluteus maximus | gluteus medius |
| This is formed by the iliacus and the psoas major | iliopsoas |
| This runs from the iliac crest to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur | iliopsoas |
| These muscles form the medial side of each thigh | adductor muscles |
| These three muscles make up what muscle group: bicep femoris, semitendinous, and the semitendinous. | hamstrings |
| This is a thin straplike muscle that is the most superficial muscle of the thigh | sartorius |
| This is often caused the "tailor's muscle" | sartorius |
| What muscle group consists of these four muscles? Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius | quadriceps |
| These muscles insert into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament | the quadriceps |
| The superficial muscle on the anterior of the leg | tibialis anterior |
| This muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot | tibialis anterior |
| Inflammation of this muscle is the cause of shin splints | tibialis anterior |
| This muscle is lateral to the tibialis anterior | extensor digitorium longus |
| This is a prime mover of toe extension and dorsiflexor of the foot. | extensor digitorium longus |
| This muscle is often called the "toe dancer's muscle" | gastrocnemius |
| This is the bulging calf muscle | gastrocnemius |
| This muscle plantar flexes the foot | gastrocnemius |
| This is the term used for injections that are placed in muscles. | Intramuscular injections |
| This muscle is the site of injections when 5 ml or less of medication is needed | deltoid |
| Why is proper placement necessary when injecting medicine into the gluteus maximus | so that the sciatic nerve is not damaged |
| In children when the glueteal and deltoid muscle is not well developed, what muscle is used? | the vastus lateralis |
| These are synthetically produced versions of the male sex horomone testosterone | anabolic steroid |
| What are the advantages of steroids? | increased muscle mass and strength, increased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, increased aggressive behavior |
| What problems will people experience with steroids? | bloated faces, shriveled testes and infertility, damage to liver and increased risk of liver cancer, changes blood cholesterol which can put users at risk for heart disease, serious psychiatric problems, withdrawal symptoms similar to heroin, reduced production of natural testosterone |
| What is a drawback of androstenedione which is available today as a nutritional supplement? | It is converted to testosterone in the body and acts as a steroid |
| What are the medical uses of anabolic steroids? | they are used to treat wasting away associated with AIDS and cancer |
| What are the benefits of massage? | It can help people recover from injuries and can prevent further problems. |
