| A | B |
|---|
| Tide | The daily rise and fall of Earth's waters on shores. |
| Spring tide | a tide with the greatest difference between high and low tide that occurs when the sun and the moon are in a line with Earth |
| neap tide | a tide with the least difference bwetwen low and high tide that occurs whjen the sun and moon pull at right angles to each other |
| lunar cycle | the cycle of the moon |
| El Nino | an event that occurs every two to seven years in the Pacific Ocean, causing changes in winds, currents, and weather patterns that can cause dramatic climate changes |
| La Nina | an event that occurs opposite times as El Nino |
| hurricanes | a tropical storm that has winds of 119 kilometers per hour or higher; typically about 600 kilometers across |
| radiation | the direct transfer of energy through empty space by electromagnetic waves |
| convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid |
| conduction | transfer of heat or thermal energy from one substance to another by direct contact of particles of matter |
| climate | the average, year-after-year conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area |
| water currents | a large stream of moving water that flows through the ocean. |
| Coriolis effect | the way Earth's rotation makes winds and currents in the Northern Hemisphere curve tot he right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left |
| land breezes | the flow of air from LAND to a body of WATER |
| sea breezes | flow of air from an OCEAN/lake to the LAND |
| jet streams | bands of high-spoeed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface |
| isobars | lines on a map joining places taht hve the same AIR PRESSURE |
| isotherms | lines on a map joining places that have the same TEMPERATURE |
| warm air masses | huge body of warm air that has similar temperature, pressure, and humidity throughout |
| cold air masses | huge body of cold air that has similar temperature, pressure, and humidity throughout |
| air currents | a large stream of moving air that flows through the air. |
| water cycle | the continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface and to the atmosphere and back, passing through the living and nonliving parts of the environment |
| evaporation | process where molecutes at the surface of alizuid absorb enough energy to change to a gaseous state. |
| transpiration | process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves. |
| runoff | water that flows over the gorund surface rather than soaking into the ground. |
| precipitation | forms of water such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail, that fall from clouds and reach Earth's surface. |
| condensation | process by which a gas, such as water vapor, changes into a liquid, such as water. |
| pressure | force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted. |
| density | measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume. |
| fluid | any substance that can flow and easily change shape. |
| troposphere | the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs. |
| stratosphere | second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere; the ozone layer is located in the upper stratosphere. |
| mesosphere | middle layer of Earth's atmosphere; the layer in which most meteoroids burn up. |
| thermosphere | the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere. |
