| A | B |
|---|
| X-linked genes | genes found on the X chromosome |
| Y-linked genes | genes found on the Y chromsome |
| sex linkage | presence of a gene on a sex chromosome |
| linkage group | the genes located on one chromosome |
| chromsome map | a diagram that shoes the linear sequence of genes on a chromosome |
| map unit | a unit in chromosome mapping = to a 1% occurence of crossing-over |
| germ-cell mutation | occur in an organism's |
| Somatic mutations | take place in an organism's body cellscan affect the organism |
| Lethal mutations | cause death, often before birth |
| deletion | the loss of a piece of a chromosome due to chromosomal breakage |
| inversion | chromosome mutation where a segment breaks off and reacts in reverse orientation to the same chromosome |
| translocation | a segment breaks off and attaches itself to another nonhomologous chromosome |
| Nondisjunction | failure of a chromosome to seperate from its homologue during meiosis |
| point mutation | the substutution addition or removal of a single nucleotide |
| substitutions | one nucleotide in a codon is replaced with a different nucleotide |
| sickle cell anemia | a point mutation that substitutes adenine for thymine in a single DNA condon |
| frame shift mutation | a mutation that results in the misreading of the code during translation |
