| A | B |
|---|
| pedigree | record that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| patterns of inheritance | certain phenotypes repeated in predictabel pattern from one generation to the next |
| carriers | individuals who have 1 copy of a ressive autosomal allele |
| genetic disorders | diseases or debilitating conditions that have a genetic basis |
| Huntington's disease | a dominant allele located on an autosome |
| genetic marker | short section of DNA that is has a close association with a particular gene located nearby |
| multiple-allele traits | are controlled by three or more alleles of the same gene code |
| polygenic trait | trait that is controlled by 2 or more genes |
| colorblindness | recessive X-linked disorder person cannot distinguish between certain colors |
| hemophillia | recessive X-linked gene impairs the ability of blood to clot |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | recessive X-link trait that weakens and progressively destroys muscular tissue |
| sex-influenced traits | presence of male or female sex hormones influences the expression of certain human traits |
| monosomy | a zygote eith 45 chromosome |
| trisomy | a zygote with 47 chromosome |
| down syndrome | a person born with an extra chromosome (21) |
| trisomy-21 | also known as down syndrome |
| genetic screening | examination of a person's genetic makeup |
| genetic counseling | medical guidance that informs about problems that could affect offspring |
| amniocentesis | fluid removed from a fetus to detect birth defects |
| chorionic villi sampling | procedure involving the analysis of the chorionic villi to diagnose fetal genotypes |
| single-allele traits | controlled by a single allele of a gene |
| phenylketonuria (PKU) | genetic disorder where the body cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine |
