| A | B |
|---|
| electromagnetic wave | A form of energy that can travel through space |
| radiation | The direct transfer of energy through empty space by electromagnetic waves. |
| infrared radiation | is a form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than red light |
| ultraviolet radiation | which has wavelengths that are shorter than violet light. |
| scattering | Reflection of light in all directions. |
| thermal energy | The energy of motion in the molecules of a substance. |
| temperature | temperature |
| themometer | An instrument used to measure temperature, consisting of a thin, glass tube with a bulb on one end that contains a liquid (usually mercury or alcohol). |
| heat | The energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one. |
| What three ways is heat transferred? | radiation, conduction, and convection |
| conduction | The transfer of heat from one substance to another by direct contact of particles of matter. |
| convection | The transfer of heat by movements of a fluid. |
| wind | The horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. |
| Wind is caused by... | differences in air pressure |
| anemometer | An instrument used to measure wind speed. |
| wind-chill factor | Increased cooling caused by the wind. |
| local wind | Winds that blow over short distances |
| Local winds are caused by... | unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area. |
| sea breeze | The flow of air from an ocean or lake to the land |
| land breeze | The flow of air from land to a body of water |
| monsoons | Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons. |
| global winds | Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances. |
| The movement of air between the equator and the poles produces... | global winds. |
| Coriolis effect | The way Earth’s rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left. |
| latitude | The distance north or south from the equator, measured in degrees. |
| jet streams | Bands of highspeed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth’s surface. |
| evaporation | The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid, such as water, absorb enough energy to change to a gaseous state, such as water vapor |
| humidity | A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. |
| relative humidity | The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold at that temperature. |
| psychrometer | An instrument used to measure relative humidity, consisting of a wet-bulb thermometer and a dry-bulb thermometer. |
| condensation | The process by which a gas, such as water vapor, changes to a liquid, such as water. |
| dew point | The temperature at which condensation begins. |
| cumulus | Clouds that form less than 2 kilometers above the ground and look like fluffy, rounded piles of cotton. |
| stratus | Clouds that form in flat layers. |
| cirrus | Wispy, feathery clouds made mostly of ice crystals that form at high levels, above about 6 kilometers. |
| precipitation | Forms of water such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail that fall from clouds and reach Earth’s surface. |
| rain gauge | An instrument used to measure the amount of precipitation, consisting of an open-ended can topped by a collecting funnel and having a collecting tube and measuring scale inside. |
| drought | A water shortage caused by long periods of low precipitation in a particular area. |
