| A | B |
|---|
| Towne's view | to see the foramen magnum |
| Water's view | to see the maxillary sinus |
| Caldwell view | Frontal sinus |
| APOM | jefferson burst fracture |
| Anterior oblique | taken 15 degrees caudal |
| Posterior oblique | taken at 15 degrees cephalic |
| A-P cervical | to see joints of Luschka |
| Apical lordotic | to see the lung apices for a Pancoast tumor |
| P-A chest | taken at 72" |
| Swimmer's view | to see C7 when it is not seen easily on the lateral cervical |
| Lateral Elbow | to see a posterior fat pad which signifies pathology or trauma |
| P-A hand | to see the trapezium and triquetrum |
| Lateral lumbar | to see the lumbar IVF's |
| Lumbosacral Spot shot | taken at 20 degrees cephalic |
| A-P coccyx | taken at 10 degrees cephalic |
| Lateral coccyx | no tube tilt |
| Frog leg | taken with the hip in external rotation and abduction |
| Full spine | taken at 72", but best at 84" |
| RAO=LPO | cervical spine- visualizes right IVF, lumbar spine- visualizes left pars, SI joint- visualizes the right SI joint |
| LAO=RPO | cervical spine- visualizes the left IVF, Lumbar spine- visualizes the right pars, SI joint- visualizes the left SI joint |
| Preiser's | carpal scaphoid |
| Osteochondrosis | a degenerative change affecting an epiphysis due to avsacular necrosis |
| Osgood Schlatter's | tibial tuberosity |
| Scheuermann's | vertebral end plate epiphysis |
| Legg calve perthes | femoral epiphysis (5-10yo males) |
| Kohler's | tarsal navicular |
| Keinboch's | carpal lunate |
| Sever's | Calcaneous |
| Blount's | medial tibial condyle |
| Freiberg's | head of the second metatarsal |
| Osteochondritis dessicans | articular surface of the medial femoral condyle |
| Type 1 spondylolisthesis (dysplastic) | congenital anomaly in the sacrum or neural arch at L5 that allows for displacement |
| Type II spondylolisthesis (Isthmic) | involves alteration in the pars and includes- 1. lytic or fatigue fracture of the pars, 2. an elongated intact pars, 3. acute fracture of the pars this is rare and seldom affects the pars alone |
| Type III spondylolisthesis (degenerative) | aka-pseudospondylolisthesis, secondary to long standing degenerative arthritis of the lumbar facets and discovertebral joints without a pars separation |
| Type IV spondylolisthesis (traumatic) | secondary to fracture of part of the neural arch other than the pars |
| Type V spondylolisthesis (Pathologic) | Occurs in conjunction with generalized or localized bone disease such as Paget's or metastasis |
