| A | B |
|---|
| Law of Segregation | describes the separation of alleles |
| Law of Dominance | describes the epression of one allele over another |
| Law of Independent Assortment | describes inheriting random combinations of genes |
| Punnett Squares | charts that illustrate possible genotypes |
| Heterozygous | receives two different alleles for a trait |
| Homozygous | receives two identical allele for a trait |
| Dominant | allele that heterozygous cells express |
| Recessive | allele that is hidden in heterozygous cells |
| Haploid | cell that contains only one set of chromosomes |
| Diploid | cell that contains two sets of chromosomes |
| Polyploid | cell that contains multiple sets of chromosomes |
| Pure Bred | organism that is homozygous for a trait |
| Hybrid | organism that is heterozygous for a trait |
| Carrier | organism that has an allele for a trait, but it is not expressed |
| Pedigree | chart that shows inheritance patterns for generations |
| Generation | organisms found on the same line of a pedigree |
| Ancestor | relative that is older |
| Descendant | offspring of a organism |
| Genetic Engineering | manipulating the genome of an organism |
| Biotechnology | using life science to meet human needs |
| Selective Breeding | allowing organisms with desired traits to reproduce |
| Eugenics | applying selective breeding to humans |
| Inbreeding | breeding for similarity |
| Out-breeding | breeding for diversity |
| Vector | medium that takes genetic information into a cell |
| Plasmid | circular strand of bacterial DNA |
| Intron | section of DNA that codes for nothing |
| Exon | section of DNA that codes for specific proteins |
| Restriction Enzyme | protein that cuts DNA at specific points |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA that has incorporated genes from two organisms |
| DNA Ligase | protein that "glues" together sections of DNA |
| GMO | genetically modified organism |
| Promoter | protein that accelerates transcription of DNA |
| Regulator | protein that slows the process of protein synthesis |
| Gene | Section of DNA that codes for a specific protein |
