| A | B |
|---|
| deposition | process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it and is deposited in a new location. |
| erosion | process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity MOVES fragments of rock or soil. |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that forms from LAVA on Earth's surface |
| grain | a particle of mineral or other rock that gives a rock its texture. |
| igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from the COOLING of MOLTEN rock at or below the surface. |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that forms when MAGMA HARDENS beneath Earth's surface. |
| metamorphic rock | a type of rock that forms from an EXISTING rock that is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reaction. |
| organic rock | sedimentary rock that forms where REMAINS of ORGANISMS are deposited in thick layers |
| rock cycle | processes on the surface & inside Earth that slowly change rocks from one kind to another. |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material from rocks or organisms which are moved by water or wind, resulting in erosion and deposition. |
| sedimentary rock | type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. |
| texture | size, shape and pattern of a rock's grains. |
| rock | the material that forms Earth's hard surface |
| crust | layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface |
| geology | the study of the solid Earth |
| geologist | a scientist who studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth |
| seismic wave | A vibration that travels through Earth, carrying the enrgy released during an earthquake |
| inner core | a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel in the center of Earth |
| outer core | a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth |
| mantle | the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core |
| lithosphere | a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. One of 4 spheres into whcih scientists divide Earth. |
| crust | a naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. |
| crystal | a solid whose atoms/ions are arranged in a three-dimensional pattern that repeats again and again |
| streak | the color of a mineral's powder |
| luster | the way a mineral reflects light from its surface |
| density | how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume |
| cleavage | a mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces |
| fracture | the way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way |
| magma | the molten mixture of rock-forming substances |
| lava | the rock formed when liquid lava hardens; magma that reaches the surface |
| vein | a narrow(skinny) slab of a mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock. |
| gemstone | a hard, colorful mineral that has a brilliant or glassy luster |
