| A | B |
|---|
| Antagonistic Muscles | The muscles that have the opposite action from those that are contracting; normally, these muscles reflexively relax when others contract. |
| Concentric Contraction | Isotonic muscle contractions in which the muscle gets shorter as it contracts, such as when a joint is bent and two body parts move closer together. |
| Eccentric Contraction | Isotonic muscle contraction in which the muscle gets longer as it contracts; that is, when a weight is gradually lowered and the contracting muscle gets longer as it gives up tension; also called negative exercise. |
| Hypertrophy | Increase in the size of muscles as the result of strength training; increase in bulk. |
| Isokinetic | Isotonic concentric exercises done with a machine that regulates movement velocity and resistance. |
| Isometric | Type of muscle contraction in which the muscle remains the same length. Also known as static. |
| Isotonic | Type of muscle contraction in which the muscle changes length, either shortening (concentrically) or lengthening (eccentrically). |
| Plyometrics | A training technique used to develop explosive power. It consists of isotonic-concentric isotonic muscle contractions performed after a pre-stretch or eccentric contraction of a muscle. |
| Progressive Resistance Exercise (PRE) | Exercises done against a resistance |
| Contraindicated | Not recommended because of the potential for harm. |
| Hyperventilation | Over-breathing; forced, rapid, or deep breathing. |
| Microtrauma | Injury so small it is not detected at the time it occurs. |
| Valsalva Maneuver | Exerting force with the epiglottis closed. When this occurs, the subject may become dizzy or feel faint. May be caused by holding the breath while exerting force. Exerting force when holding your breath increases pressure in the chest. |
