| A | B |
|---|
| Allah | god |
| caliph | successor, the leaders of the Muslim community after Muhammad |
| czar | "caesar" in Russian; title taken by king of Moscow |
| hijra | Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina |
icon,  | image of religious figures or events |
| iconoclast | "icon smasher"; supported the Byzantine emperor's ban on icons |
| Islam | submission to the will of God |
| mosque | Islamic house of worship |
| Muslim | a person who practices Islam |
| patriarch | top religious figure in the Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Qur'an | Islamic holy text |
| schism | a break or separation |
| Shi'a | branch of Islam; believed that only Muhammad's descendants should rule the Muslim Empire |
| Constantinople | capital of Byzantium |
| Baghdad | capital of the Muslim Abbasid empire |
Hagia Sofia,  | Church of the Holy Wisdom; built by Justinian in Constantinople |
Justinian,  | Byzantine emperor; restored empire, organzed Roman law |
Theodora,  | Byzantine empress; wife of Justinian |
| Cyrillic | alphabet for Slavic languages; created by Orthodox monks |
Ka'bah,  | center for Muslim worship in Mecca |
