| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | when a single parent has offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| budding | when a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new offspring |
| fragmentation | when parts of an organism break off and then develop into a new individual identical to the original one |
| regeneration | when an organism loses a body part and grows a new individual from that part |
| sexual reproduction | requires two parents, results in genetic information combined from both parents |
| eggs | female reproductive cells |
| sperm | male reproductive cells |
| fertilization | the joining of egg and sperm |
| genes | where genetic information is found |
| external fertilization | when the sperm fertilizes the egg outside the female's body |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| internal fertilization | when the egg and sperm join inside the female's body |
| montremes | mammals that lay eggs |
| marsupial | mammals that give birth to partially developed young - finish developing in a pouch on the mother |
| placental mammal | mammals that develop inside their mothers' bodies |
| testes | a pair of organs that make sperm and testosterone |
| urethra | tube through which semen and urine pass, though not at the same time |
| penis | the external male organ that transfers semen into the female's body |
| ovaries | female organs that make eggs and produce hormones |
| ovualtion | process of an egg being released from an ovary |
| fallopian tube | path that the egg takes from ovary to uterus |
| uterus | organ in which a zygote develops into a baby |
| vagina | the canal between the outside of a woman's body and the uterus |
| fraternal twins | most common type of twins |
| sexually transmitted disease (STD) | disease that can be transmitted by an infected person to another through sexual contact |
| cancer | a disease in which cells grow at an uncontrolled rate |
| infertile | unable to have children |
| embryo | a developing human, from fertilization through the 10th week of pregnancy |
| implantation | occurs when the zygote imbeds itself in the lining of the uterus |
| placenta | a special two-way exchange organ between the mother and developing baby |
| length of pregnancy | average - 40 weeks |
| umbilical cord | connects the embryo to the placenta |
| heart | first organ to develop in the fetus |
| fetus | developing baby after week 10 |
| labor | series of muscular contractions of the uterus that push the baby out of the mother through the vagina |
| infancy | the stage of life from birth to two |
| childhood | period of rapid growth from age 2 to puberty |
| adolescence | stage from puberty to adulthood |
| young adult | from ages 20 - 40; peak of physical development |
| middle age | ages 40-65 when hair may turn gray and athletic abilities begin to decline |
| older adult | over 65 years of age |
| menstrual cycle | occurs on average every 28 days - prepares the woman's body for pregnancy |
| menstruation | the monthly discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus |
