| A | B |
|---|
| absolute value | The distance from the origin to the coordinate x. |
| additive inverses | Pairs of real number that have the sum 0. |
| algebraic expressions | Expressions that are made up of variables, numbers, grouping sym- bols, operation signs, and exponents. |
| biased -sample | A sample that is not random. |
| binomial | A polynomial with two terms. |
| center of a circle | The point in a circle from which the distance to any point on the circle is a constant. |
| coordinate | The number associated with a particular point on a number line. |
| coordinate axes | Two perpendicular lines selected in a plane. |
| coordinates of a point | The numbers of an ordered pair. |
| degree of a monomial | The sum of the exponents of the variables. |
| degree of a polynomial | The degree of the term (or terms) of highest degree. |
| descending order | A polynomial is written in descending order when the term with highest de- gree is written first, followed by the term with next highest degree second, and so on. |
| equivalent transformation | A transformation that results in an equation equivalent to the original. |
| event | A subset of a sample space. |
| greatest common factor | The common factor that is a multiple of each common factor. |
| hypotenuse | The longest side of a right triangle. It is opposite the right angle. |
| identity | An equation that is true for all elements of its domain. |
| identity element | A number which added to or multiplied times any number in a set yields that same number in the set. |
| identity properties | There are real numbers 0 and I such that for each real number a, a + 0, 0 + a = a and a x 1 = 1 x a = a. |
| independent events | Two events not affected by each other. Two events A and B are independent if and only if P(A and then B) P(A) x P(B). |
| irrational number | A real number that is not a rational number, i.e. cannot be expressed as the quotient of two integers. |
| like terms | Terms that contain identical vari- ables with identical exponents. |
| linear equation in two variables | An equation of the form y = mx + b. |
| linear function | A function is a linear function if and only if its domain is the set of all real numbers and its equation can be written in the form y = mx + b. |
| lowest terms (simplest form) | A fraction is expressed in lowest terms when its numerator and denominator have no common factors other than 1 or - 1. |
| mean | The sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the set. |
| median | The middle number in a set of numbers arranged in order. |
| midpoint | The point on a segment that is equidistant from the endpoints. |
| mode | The number that occurs most often in a set of numbers. |
| monomial | A constant (a number), a variable, or a product of constants and/or variables. |
| negative exponents | For each nonzero number a and for each positive integer n, a^-n = 1/a^n. |
| nonlinear system | A system of two or more equations at least one of which is nonlinear. |
| opposites | Two numbers whose sum is zero. Also called additive inverses. |
| ordered pair | A pair of numbers that identifies the location of a particular point on a graph. |
| ordered triples (X, Y, Z) | The set that is the solution of an equation in three variables. |
| origin (on a graph) | The point of intersection of the coordinate axes. It is designated (0. 0). |
| origin (on a number line) | The point on the number line associated with zero. |
| outcome | The result of an experiment |
| parabola | The set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a point (focus) as they are from a given line (directrix). it is the graph of a quadratic function having a U shape. |
| parallel lines | Lines that have equal slopes. |
| pascal's triangle | A triangular arrangement of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two numbers above it in the preceding row. |
| permutation | An arrangement of a number of objects in a definite order |
| perpendicular lines | Lines with slopes that are negative reciprocals. |
| point-slope form | If (x1, y1) is a point on the line y = mx + b. then y - y1 = m(x - xl) is the point-slope form of the equation |
| polynomial | A monomial or the sum of monomials. |
| prime factorization | A representation of a number as the product of its prime factors. |
| probability of an event | The ratio of the number of outcomes in the event to the number of outcomes in the sample space. |
| quadrilateral | A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. |
| rational number | A number that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers. |
| rationalizing the denominator | The process of changing an irrational denominator to a rational one. |
| real numbers | The set of all rational and irrational numbers. |
| reciprocals | Pairs of real numbers that have the product 1. Also known as mulliplicarive inverses. |
| relation | A set of ordered pairs. |
| repeating decimal | A decimal in which a digit or a group of digits repeats forever, e.g. 0.66666 ... or 0.846846846 ... . |
| sample space | The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. |
| scientific notation | The product of a power of 10 and a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10. |
| slope-intercept form | The form Y = mx + b of a linear equation in two variables. The slope is m and the y-intercept is b. |
| solving a triangle | Finding all the unknown measures of a triangle. |
| square root | If x^2 = y. then x is a square root of y. |
| subset | A set all of whose elements are elements in a larger set. |
| substitution | A method of solving systems of equations by replacing one variable with another variable or variable expression that is equal to it. |
| translation | A transformation made by substitutions that shift each point of a given graph to a different location without changing the shape of the graph. |
| trinomial | A polynomial with three terms. |
| variable | A symbol, usually a letter, that represents, and may be replaced by, any number from a particular set of numbers. |
| vertex of a parabola | The point on a parabola midway between the focus and the directrix. |
| vertical-line test | If no vertical line intersects a graph of a relation more than once, then the re- lation is a function. |
| x-axis | The horizontal axis. |
| y-axis: | The vertical axis. |
| y-intercept of a graph | The y-coordinate of the point at which a line crosses the Y-axis. |
