| A | B |
|---|
| DNA fingerprint (11-2) | the pattern of bands that results when an individual's DNA sample is fragmented, replicated, and separated |
| electrophoresis (11-1) | the process by which electrically charged particles suspended in a liquid move through the liquid because of the influence of an electric field |
| gene cloning (11-1) | the process of isolating a gene sequence in the genome of an organism and inserting the gene sequence into a plasmid vector for production in large numbers |
| genetic engineering (11-1) | a technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use |
| gene therapy (11-2) | a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome |
| Human Genome Project (11-2) | a research effort to sequence and locate the entire collection of genes in human cells |
| plasmid (11-1) | a circular DNA molecule that is usually found in bacteria and that can replicate independent of the main chromosome |
| probe (11-1) | a strand of RNA or single-stranded DNA that has been labeled with a radioactive element or fluorescent dye and that is used |
| recombinant DNA (11-1) | DNA molecules that are artificially created by combining DNA from different sources |
| restriction enzymes (11-1) | an enzyme that destroys foreign DNA molecules by cutting them at specific sites or are bacterial enzymes that recognize and bind to specific short sequences of DNA and then cut the DNA between specific nucleotides within the sequences. |
| transgenic animal (11-3) | an animal into which cloned genetic material has been transferred |
| vaccine (11-2) | a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity |
| vector (11-1) | in biology, any agent, such as a plasmid or a virus, that can incorporate foreign DNA and transfer that DNA from one organism to another; an intermediate host that transfers a pathogen or a parasite to another organism |
