| A | B |
|---|
| cloning | produces many identical cells |
| genetic engineering | moving genes from a chromosome of one organism to a chromosome of a different organism |
| recombinant DNA | a molecule made from pieces of DNA from separate organisms |
| restriction enzymes | cleave DNA at specific sequences |
| plasmid | circular piece of DNA; found in bacteria |
| sticky ends | areas of DNA that can pair with each other because they have been cut with the same restriction enzyme |
| gene sequencing | finding out the order of the bases in DNA |
| genome | collection of genes of an organism |
| DNA fingerprinting | uses RFLP's |
| DNA fingerprint | the pattern of bands that result when DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis |
| PCR | makes multiple copies of the DNA |
| RFLP | restriction fragment length polymorphism |
| Ti plasmid | tumor inducing plasmid causing crown gall in plants; used as a vector in plant genetic engineering |
| glyphosate | a powerful, biodegradable weed-killer |
| vector | a virus or plasmid used to carry the DNA fragment into another cell. |
| gene therapy | giving a person a working copy of their gene that is dysfunctional |
| tumor necrosis factor | attacks and kills cancer cells |
| gel electrophoresis | a technique that can be used to separate molecules in a mixture by subjecting them to an electrical field within a gel |
| Juman Genome Project | has the goals of constructing physical maps of human chromosomes and determining the DNA sequences of those chromosomes |
| antibodies | defensive proteins found in the body of an organism that label infectious microbes for destruction before they can cause disease |
| nitrogen fixation | a process by which legumes, such as soybeans, peanuts and clover, convert nitrogen gas in the air into chemical forms that plants can use |
| facotr VIII | a protein that promotes blood clotting; used by hemophiliacs |
| anticoagulant | proteins that dissolve blood clots; used with heart attacks |
| insulin | first commercially genetically engineered drug; used in treating diabetes mellitus type I |
| Southern Blot | a technique using radioactively labeled RNA or DNA as a "probe" to identify a specific gene |
