| A | B |
|---|
| labor unions | an organization of workers that negotiates with employers for better wages, improved working conditions, and job security |
| craft unions | composed of one trade’s skilled workers; ex. Plumbers, electricians, carpenters |
| industrial union | includes all workers in an industry, whether they are skilled, semi-skilled, or unskilled |
| open shop | a business where membership in a labor union is not a condition of employment |
| closed shop | a business that only hires labor union members |
| fringe benefits | a nonwage payment that employers make to employees in addition to basic wages |
| seniority | a ranking of employees based on the number of years a worker has been employed by a firm |
| collective bargaining | the process by which labor union leaders, speaking for the members they represent, and management representatives meet to negotiate labor contracts |
| mediation | a process for settling disputes in which a neutral or third party listens to each side, asks questions and clarifies issues, and proposes a solution |
| arbitration | a process for settling a dispute in which a mutually agreed-upon third party listens to each side and makes a settlement decision |
| strike | a work stoppage by employees or labor union members acting together to bring pressure on their employer to give in to their demands on some job related dispute |
| primary boycott | an organized effort to stop purchases of a firm’s products |
| secondary boycott | a refusal to buy the goods or services from any firm that does business with a company whose employees are on strike |
| coordinated campaigning | a strategy in a labor dispute in which workers or a labor union use a variety of tactics, such as picketing, primary boycotts, and secondary boycotts, to force an employer to give in to their demands |
| lockout | a shutdown of a business by an employer, or other refusal to let striking employees come to work, in protest of worker or labor union demands |
| injunction | a court order in a labor dispute that forbids specified acts by specified individuals or groups |
