| A | B |
|---|
| Franco-Prussian War | France was defeated by Germany, ending France's domination of Europe in 1871. |
| Maximilian | Austrian Hapsburg prince placed on the throne of Mexico by Napoleon III, overthrown by Mexican Nationalists 1860's. |
| Napoleon III | Leader of France 1848-1871, a virtual dictator with a constitutional monarchy. |
| Suez Canal | Canal linking Mediterranean with the Red Sea and thus the Indian Ocean, opening trade in Asia and Africa to European goods. |
| Paris Commune | Radicals who wanted an end to Monarchy |
| Communards | workers, socialists who wanted a new socialist order, building France into a loose confederation of communes. |
| National Assembly | Legislative body governing France after Napoleon III, ended Paris Commune. |
| The Third Republic | 1871-1941 2 house ligislature to govern France. |
| Chamber of Deputies | The lower house of the Third Republic, elected by Universal Male Suffrage. |
| Premier | Prime Minister or President of France, the real political power holder. |
| The Senate | The upper house of the Third Republic, with the Chamber of Deputies, elected the figurehead President of the Republic. |
| Coalitions | Alliances among different parties seeking power in government. |
| Georges Boulanger | Accused of plotting to overthrow the Third Republic, he rallied royalists and ultranationalists eager for revenge on Germany. |
| Alfred Dreyfus | Accused of spying for Germany, this French Officer was exiled without a fair trial, later pardoned. |
| Anti-Semitism | Hatred of Jewish people, frequently by lower middle class people who felt insecure in their social and economic position. |
| Emile Zola | French novilist who defended Dreyfus and said he had been made a scapegoat. |
| Theodor Herzl | Hungarian Jewish journalist in France who helped to form Zionism and called for a Jewish state. |
| The Jewish State | Hertzl's book calling for Jews to form their own state where they would have the rights that European countries wouldn't allow them. |
| Zionism | Movement devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine. |
| Separation of Church and State | France limited the power that the church had over the government, closed government supported monastaries, churches and church schools, 1905. |
| French Women for Women's Suffrage | Organization begun by Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl, 1909, called for women to get the right to vote because they were better educated and more independent now. |
| Alsace Lorraine | "Lost provinces" French land lost to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War. Nationalists wanted it back. |
