| A | B |
|---|
| sedimentary rock | formed when mud, sand, and bits of rock pile up in layers under water |
| igneous rock | formed from melted rock deep in the earth |
| metamorphic rock | igneous and sedimentary rock changed by heat and pressure |
| volcano | a mountain that is formed when lava and other materials pour out of an opening in the ground |
| magma | hot, melted rock deep inside the earth |
| humus | plant and animal material |
| lava | magma that reaches the earth's surface |
| erupt | a word that means "burst forth" |
| core | hottest part of earth |
| magma chamber | stores hot, melted rock |
| conduit | magma moves up to the earth's surface through it |
| central vent | where lave pours out of a volcano |
| crater | a bowl-shaped hole at the top of a volcano |
| lava flow | moves down the sides of the volcano |
| smoke | steam, gas, ash, and dust rise high in the air forming this |
| crust, mantle, inner/outer core | layers of the earth |
| crust | layer of the earth we live on |
| fossils | traces of plant and animal found in sedimentary rocks |
| mold fossils | formed when a plant or animal dies and is covered with sediment, the sediment hardens, the body decays, an empty space is left where plant or animal use to be |
| cast fossils | a rock with the exact shape of the original plant or animal |
| minerals | pure solid materials found in the earth's crust |
| Scratch test | used to test the hardness of a mineral |
| Streak test | used to identify streak color of a mineral |
| talc | softest mineral |
| calcite | used to make cement and fertilizer |
| quartz | most common mineral |
| diamond | hardest mineral |
| pumice | a very light igneous rock that floats in water |
| sediment | material such as mud, sand, or gravel |
| sandstone | sedimentary rock |
| erosion | the movement of rock and soil by water and wind |
| weathering | wearing away and breaking of rock |
| earthquake | a movement of the layers of rock in the earth's crust |
