| A | B |
|---|
| Capillary Action | The phenomenon in which a narrow tube can draw a liquid up against the force of gravity due to attractive intermolecular forces between the liquid and the container(adhesion) |
| Surface Tension | The effect of a liquids surface to act as an elastic sheet due to intermolecular attractive forces |
| Amorphous Solid | A solid substance in which there is no pattern to the way the molecules or components are arranged |
| Crystalline Solid | A solid in which there is an especially low degree of entropy because the components (ions or molecules) are arranges in a rigid lattice pattern |
| Deposition | The phase change from a gas directly to a solid |
| Sublimation | The phase change from a solid directly to a gas |
| Triple Point | The pressure and temperature combination for a specific substance in which it exists as a solid, liquid, and gas simultaneously at equilibrium |
| Critical Temperature | The temperature above which a gas cannot be compressed to a liquid |
| Critical Pressure | The pressure below which a substance at the critical temperature will be a gas and above which will be a liquid |
| Volatile Liquid | Liquids that have a high equilibrium vapor pressure and thus evaporate very easily |
| Molar Heat of Fusion | The amount of energy required to melt one mole of substance when that substance is already heated to its melting point temperature |
| Molar Heat of Vaporization | The amount of energy required to vaporize one mole of substance when it is already heated to its' boiling point |
| LeChatliers Principal | If a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, or total pressure, the equilibrium will shift in order to minimize that change. |
| Chemical Equilibrium | the state in which a chemical reaction proceeds at the same rate as its reverse reaction; the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal |
| Colloid | A mixture consisting of medium sized particles in a liquid, exhibits the Tyndall effect, does not settle out, and can not be filtered out. |
| Suspension | Mixture that can be filtered, has relatively larger particle size,and will settle out on its own if left undisturbed |
| Solute | The substance being dissolved, what is present in the lowest amount |
| Solvent | The substance doing the dissolving, single component present in greates amount |
| Solution | the combination of solute and solvent |
| Solvated | Term referring to a solute particle being completely surrounded by the solvent molecules |
| Electrolyte | Substance that upon addition to water forms an aqueous solution that conducts an electrical current |
| Non-Electrolyte | Substance that upon addition to water forms an aqueous solution that does not conducts an electrical current |
| Soluble | Able to be dissolved (in appreciable amounts) |
| Hydration | Solvation in which the solvent is water, so each solute particle is surrounded by a horde of water molecules |
| Effervescence | The rapid release of a gas from solution |
| Heat of Solution | quantity of heat produced or absorbed when a one mole of a substance is dissolved in a large volume of a solvent |
| Henry's Law | States that gasses are more soluble at higher pressures |
| Miscible | Liquids that are able to dissolve freely in each other in any ratio |
| Immiscible | Liquids that are insoluble in each other (e.g. oil and water) |
| Saturated Solution | A solution in which the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved is in solution (at that T and P) |
| Supersatured Solution | Solution that after cooling may actually have more solute dissolved than is normally possible, if shocked though a rapid crystallization will occur. |
| Molarity | Concentration expressed as Moles of Solute per L of Solution |
| molality | Concentration Expressed as Moles of Solute per Kg of Solvent |
| Dissociation | The seperation of the cations and anions of an ionic compound when dissolved |
| Ionization (solution) | When some compounds are dissolved they form ions where there were no ions originally present |
| Spectator Ions | The chemical species in aqueous solutions that are not changed chemically in a reaction (the bums that don't do anything) |
| Net Ionic Equation | An expression including only those ions in aqueous solutions that undergo chemical change |
| Hydronium Ion | H3O+ ion (sometimes depicted as just H+) |
| Boiling Point Elevation | A colligitve property in which by adding a solute the boiling point is raised |
| Freezing Point Depression | A colligitive property in which the freezing point is lowered upon the addition of a solute. The degree of which the freezing point decreases is dependent on the number of moles of solute |
