| A | B |
|---|
| activation energy | cells require extra energy to get chemical reactions started |
| enzymes | combines with molecules to lower the activation energy (catalyst) |
| endergonic | reactions which require energy throughout |
| atp | adenosine triphophate |
| adenosine triphosphate | provieds energy that can be used to drive endergonic reactions in the cell, it is the altimate source of energy for living things |
| atp-adp cycle | atp becomes adp when it looses a phosphate, this happens as it gives energy to cell reactions-atp is then reformed from adp during cellular repiration |
| cellular repiration | process if breaking the chemical bonds of organic food molecules (glucose) and release energy that can be used by the cell |
| photosynthesis | process by which green plants convert the energy from sunlight into chemical energy (glucose) |
| capturing energy | photosynthesis requierments: light CO2 H2O chlorophyll, light chlorophyll enzymes |
| photosynthesis equation | 6CO2+12H2O----------->C2H12O6+6O2+6H2O_ |
| second drawing | 1)chlorophyll traps light energy from sun 2)CO2 from the air and H2O from the roots 3) makes glucose 4) by products O2+H2O |
| light | provieds energy from photosynthesis, photons "energy packets or units" |
| how color works | everything absorbs parts of the color visible spectrum of light, color comes from reflected light |
| chlorophyll | the green pigment present in plants which is neede for photo. 19 acts as light trap 2) photons energy transfered to electron of chlorophyll molucule "excited state" |
| chloro continued | 3)return from excited state by etc goves off energy to form atp=adp+p 4)electrons lost from the chloroplast molecule --> O2 5) 2nd H from H2O attaches to hydrogen acceptor NADP+ |
| dark reactions | "calvin cycle" (stroma) 2nd phase in photo. used energy stored in atp and hydrogen locked in the hydrogen acceptor (NADPH) to form glucose |
| dark reactions cont | called dark rxs b/c it does not need difect sunlight to take place, only takes place as long as atp and nadph are available usually occurs during the day |
| repiration | process in which cells obtain energy from food |
| Glycolysis | 1st stage of respiration, glucose + 2 atp __> pyruvic acid |
| pyruvic acid converstion | p.a. broken down into hydrogen acceptor and CO2 (waste), producces 2 carbon acetyl group which combines with coenzyme A (CoA) Acetyl CoA |
| Krebs Cycle | citric acid cycle, converts adp-atp, goes around three times, rest of energy is in teh form of electrons in the hydrogen atoms |
| electron transport chain | 24 hydrogen atoms are used to release e' and produce atp, end product is H2O and 34 ATP |
