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| SOL CE.6a – The Constitution establishes the principle of _________ which is the division of power between the states and the national government. | FEDERALISM |
| SOL CE.6a – The Constitution of the United States of America establishes a federal form of government in which the ___________ is supreme. | NATIONAL GOVERNMENT |
| SOL CE.6a – The powers of the national government are either _______ or ________ in the Constitution of the United States of America. | EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED |
| SOL CE.6a – The powers NOT given to the national government by the Constitution of the United States of America are: | RESERVED FOR THE STATES |
| SOL CE.6a – The powers of the local governments in Virginia are | DERIVED FROM THE STATE |
| SOL CE.6a – What are some of the primary responsibilities of the national government? | TO CONDUCT FOREIGN POLICY AND REGULATE COMMERCE |
| SOL CE.6a – What are some of the primary responsibilities of the state governments? | TO PROMOTE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE |
| SOL CE.6b – Who creates and controls all powers of local governments in Virginia? | THE STATE |
| SOL CE.6b – These courts try cases involving federal law and U.S. Constitutional questions | FEDERAL COURTS |
| SOL CE.6b – The highest court in the U.S. It has the final power of judicial review | SUPREME COURT |
| SOL CE.6b – These courts which try civil and criminal cases are part of the state's judicial branch. | CIRCUIT COURTS |
| SOL CE.6b – The _________ has the power of judicial review over state laws. | STATE SUPREME COURT |
| SOL CE.6b – What are some of the duties of the state's executive branch (the governor)? | CARRIES OUT VA LAWS, PREPARES BIENNIEL BUDGET FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY; APPOINTS CABINET OFFICERS AND BOARDS, ADMINISTERS THE BUREAUCRACY; GRANTS PARDONS |
| SOL CE.6b – What are some of the duties of the state's legislative branch? | TO MAKE LAWS FOR VIRGINIA; APPROVE BIENNIAL (TWO-YEAR) BUDGET; EXERCISE POWER UNDER THE 10TH AMENDMENT |
| SOL CE.6b – What are some of the duties of the local legislative branch? | TO MAKE ORDINANCES FOR THE COMMUNITY; TO APPROVE THE ANNUAL BUDGET |
| SOL CE.6b – Where does the local executive branch get its authority? | ELECTED OR APPOINTED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OR CITY COUNCIL; CITY OR COUNTY MANAGERS HIRED BY LOCAL LEGISLATURES |
| SOL CE.6b – What are some of the duties of the President? | EXECUTES LAW OF THE LAND; PREPARES ANNUAL BUDGET FOR CONGRESSIONAL ACTION; APPOINTS CABINET OFFICERS, AMBASSADORS, AND FEDERAL JUDGES; ADMINISTERS FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY |
| SOL CE.6b – What are some of the duties of Congress? | MAKES LAWS FOR NATION; APPROVES ANNUAL BUDGET; APPROVES PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS |
| SOL CE.6c – Separating power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches helps prevent any one branch from - | ABUSING ITS POWER |
| SOL CE.6c – A system of _____ and _____ gives each of the three branches of government ways to limit the powers of the other branches. | CHECKS AND BALANCES |
| SOL CE.6c – What are the some of the legislative "checks" on the executive branch? | MAY OVERRIDE VETOES; MAY IMPEACH A PRESIDENT |
| SOL CE.6c – What are the some of the legislative "checks" on the judicial branch? | APPROVES FEDERAL JUDGES; MAY IMPEACH FEDERAL JUDGES |
| SOL CE.6c – What are the some of the executive "checks" on the legislative branch? | MAY VETO ACTS OF CONGRESS; MAY CALL CONGRESS INTO SPECIAL SESSION |
| SOL CE.6c – What are the some of the executive "checks" on the judicial branch? | APPOINTS FEDERAL JUDGES |
| SOL CE.6c – What are the some of the judicial "checks" on the legislative branch? | MAY DECLARE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL |
| SOL CE.6c – What are the some of the judicial "checks" on the executive branch? | MAY DECLARE EXECUTIVE ACTS UNCONSTITUTIONAL |
| SOL CE.6d – What document defines the process by which changes can be made to the Constitution? | THE CONSTITUTION ITSELF DEFINES THE PROCESS. |
| SOL CE.6d – How can the Constitution be amended? | FIRST CONGRESS OR A SPECIAL CONVENTION VOTES FOR AN AMENDMENT. THEN THE AMENDMENT MUST BE RATIFIED BY THE STATES. |
| SOL CE.6d – Is the Constitution frequently amended? | NO, THE PROCESS IS COMPLEX. TO DATE, THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN AMENDED ONLY 27 TIMES. |
| SOL CE.6d – How many amendments have been added to the Constitution? | 27 |
| SOL CE.7a – What government body makes laws for Virginia? | THE VIRGINIA GENERAL ASSEMBLY |
| SOL CE.7a – What government body makes laws for the nation? | CONGRESS |
| SOL CE.7a – What do officials who are elected to serve in the state and national legislatures do? | THEY MAKE LAWS |
| SOL CE.7a – A ________ legislature has two houses (e.g., the Senate and the House of Representatives) | BICAMERAL |
| SOL CE.7a – What are the two houses of Congress? | THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
| SOL CE.7a – Legislative powers are both ____ and ____ . | EXPRESSED (SPECIFICALLY LISTED) AND IMPLIED (USED TO CARRY OUT EXPRESSED POWERS) |
| SOL CE.7a – What are the steps in the lawmaking process in the Virginia Assembly and Congress? | WORKING IN COMMITTEE; DEBATING ON THE FLOOR; VOTING ON A BILL BY BOTH HOUSES; SIGNING THE BILL INTO LAW BY THE PRESIDENT OR GOVERNOR |
| SOL CE.7a –Legislative powers that are specifically listed in the U.S. or state constitutions are _____ powers. | EXPRESSED |
| SOL CE.7a –Legislative powers that are not specifically listed but are used to carry out expressed powers are ______ powers | IMPLIED |
| SOL CE.7b – The power of the federal executive branch is defined in - | THE U.S. CONSTITUTION |
| SOL CE.7b – The power of the Virginia executive branch is defined in - | THE STATE CONSTITUTION |
| SOL CE.7b – The executive branch at the state and national levels - | CARRIES OUT THE LAW |
| SOL CE.7b – How does the executive branch influence policymaking? | PROPOSING LEGISLATION IN AN ANNUAL SPEECH TO THE LEGISLATURE (STATE OF THE COMMONWEALTH OR STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS); APPEALING DIRECTLY TO THE PEOPLE; APPROVING OR VETOING LEGISLATION; APPOINTING OFFICIALS WHO CARRY OUT THE LAWS |
| SOL CE.7b – Who helps the executive branch interpret and carry out laws? | CABINET DEPARTMENTS, AGENCIES, AND REGULATORY GROUPS |
| SOL CE.7c – What influence does the media have on public policy and policymakers? | THE MEDIA FOCUSES PUBLIC ATTENTION ON SELECTED ISSUES; OFFERS A FORUM IN WHICH OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS ARE COMMUNICATED; HOLDS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ACCOUNTABLE TO THE PUBLIC |
| SOL CE.7c – Government officials use the media to - | COMMUNICATE WITH THE PUBLIC |
| SOL CE.7d – Seeking to influence legislators to introduce or vote for or against a bill is called - | LOBBYING |
| SOL CE.7d – How can individuals influence public policy? | PARTICIPATING IN POLITICS (VOTING, CAMPAIGNING); EXPRESSING OPINIONS (LOBBYING, DEMONSTRATING, WRITING LETTERS); JOINING INTEREST GROUPS |
| SOL CE.7d – How do interest groups influence public policy? | IDENTIFYING ISSUES; MAKING POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS; LOBBYING GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS |
| SOL CE.8a – The judicial function is exercised in a dual court system, which consists of: | STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS |
| SOL CE.8a – Virginia, like each of the other forty-nine states, has its own court system whose organization and jurisdiction are derived from - | VIRGINIA’S CONSTITUTION AND STATE LAWS |
| SOL CE.8a – Virginia's court system consists of: | VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT; COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA; CIRCUIT COURT; GENERAL DISTRICT COURT; JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURT |
| SOL CE.8a – What do magistrates do? | ISSUE SEARCH WARRANTS, SUBPOENAS, ARREST WARRANTS, AND SUMMONS AND SET BAIL |
| SOL CE.8a – This is the court of final appeal (Appellate jurisdiction) in VA; limited original jurisdiction (most cases tried elsewhere first) | VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT |
| SOL CE.8a – These courts hear appeals from circuit courts; judges, no jury | COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA |
| SOL CE.8a – These courts hear felony criminal cases and civil cases over $1,000; hear appeals from district courts; judge and jury | CIRCUIT COURT (VA JUDICIAL BRANCH) |
| SOL CE.8a – These courts hear misdemeanors cases; Civil cases less than $1000; Judge only, no jury | GENERAL DISTRICT COURT |
| SOL CE.8a – These courts hear juvenile and family cases; judge/no jury | JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURT |
| SOL CE.8a – __________ issue search warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants, and summons and set bail. | MAGISTRATES |
| SOL CE.8a – The U.S. Court system consists of: | THE U.S. SUPREME COURT; U.S. COURT OF APPEALS; U.S. DISTRICT COURT |
| SOL CE.8a – This court is part of United States Federal Court System - Mostly appeals (appellate jurisdiction), limited original (most cases are tried elsewhere first) ; Justices/no jury | U.S. SUPREME COURT |
| SOL CE.8a – Federal court with appellate Jurisdiction; Justices/no jury | U.S. COURT OF APPEALS |
| SOL CE.8a – Federal courts that hear original jurisdiction; judge and jury | U.S. DISTRICT COURT |
| SOL CE.8b – The Supreme Court of the US and VA determine the constitutionality of laws and acts of the executive branch. This power is called - | JUDICIAL REVIEW |
| SOL CE.8b – The power of ________is an important check on the legislative and executive branches of government. | JUDICIAL REVIEW |
| SOL CE.8b –What Supreme Court decision established the principle of judicial review at the national level? | MARBURY V. MADISON |
| SOL CE.8b – The _____________ is the supreme law of the land | CONSTITUTION |
| SOL CE.8b – State laws must conform to: | THE VIRGINIA AND UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS |
| SOL CE.8b – What two kinds of legal conflicts do courts resolve? | CRIMINAL AND CIVIL |
| SOL CE.8b – In a ______ case, a court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony. | CRIMINAL |
| SOL CE.8c – In a _____ case, a court settles a disagreement between two parties. | CIVIL |
| SOL CE.8c – A person accused of a crime may be arrested if the police have _____ ____.. | PROBABLE CAUSE |
| SOL CE.8c –After arrest, the accused may be committed to jail or - | RELEASED ON BAIL |
| SOL CE.8c –A defendant may be appointed an attorney and a plea is entered when a case proceeds to - | ARRAIGNMENT |
| SOL CE.8c –In handling juvenile cases, judges have - | GREATER LATITUDE |
| SOL CE.8c –In a civil case, a court settles - | A DISAGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO PARTIES. |
| SOL CE.8c –In a civil case, the ____ files a complaint to recover damages or receive compensation. | PLAINTIFF |
| SOL CE.8d –The constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws is called ____ _____ . | DUE PROCESS |
| SOL CE.8d – The 5th Amendment prohibits the _____ government from acting in an unfair manner. | NATIONAL |
| SOL CE.8d – The 14th Amendment prohibits ________ from acting in an unfair manner. | STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS |
| SOL CE.8d – The two amendments which provide due process protections are - | THE 5TH AND 14TH AMENDMENTS |
| SOL CE.8d – Due process protections are provided in the 5th and 14th amendments. The 5th amendment protects citizens from unfair treatment by the ____, and the 14th amendment protects citizens from unfair treatment by the ______ . | NATIONAL GOVERNMENT -- STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS |
| SOL CE.8d – KNOW THE 14TH AMENDMENT!!The 14th Amendment is important because: | IT DEFINES A CITIZEN AS ANYONE BORN OR NATURALIZED IN THE U.S; IT EXTENDS ‘DUE PROCESS’ PROTECTIONS TO THE STATES (STATES CAN’T VIOLATE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS) ; IT GUARANTEES “EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAWS |
