| A | B |
|---|
| Middle Ages | Period of time after the fall of Rome; About 500 A.D. to 1500A.D. |
| Charlemagne | Ruler of the Franks; crowned by Pope Leo III |
| Vikings | Skillful warriors from the Scandinavian Peninsula |
| Feudalism | System of protection used to organize and govern after the fall of Rome |
| Lords | Men who were granted land from the king and in exchange promised to be loyal to the king |
| Fief | A gift of land |
| Vassals | Men who were given land from the lord with the promise to fight in his army |
| Serfs | Lived and worked on the land; they belonged to the land |
| Manor | Self-sufficient farming estate |
| Knights | Trained soldiers that specialized in war |
| Page | Young boy that is learning to be a knight |
| Squire | Second step in becoming a knight |
| Monastery | Self-sufficient religious community for monks |
| Convent | Religious community for nuns |
| Benedict | Created a set of strict rules for the monastery |
| Scriptorium | Room in which monks copied the Bible |
| Illumination | Beautiful drawings on manuscripts |
| Francis of Assisi | Man that became a saint and was known for his love of all living things |
| Age of Faith | Term used to describe the Middle Ages because religion was so important |
| Cathedrals | Huge, elaborate Christian churches |
| Chartres | Beautiful cathedral in France |
| Holy Land | Palestine;land considered holy for Jews, Christians and Muslims |
| Pilgrimage | Journey to a holy place for religious reasons |
| Crusades | Wars fought between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land |
| Commerce | The buying and selling of goods |
| Guilds | Organizations that were formed to control trade |
| Apprentice | Young man learning a trade |
| Journeyman | Skilled worker that was not yet a member of the guild |
| Master | Very skilled worker that was able to create excellent work and become a member of the guild |
| King John | Greedy king of England that was forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 |
| Magna Carta | Document signed by King John that established the idea that the king must live by the law |
| Legacy | Traditions and knowledge of a culture that have been passed down to people today |
