| A | B |
|---|
| Precedent | an act or decision that sets the example for others to follow |
| Cabinet | group of officials who head government departments and advise the President |
| Speculator | someone who invests in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit |
| Tariff | tax on foreign goods brought into a country |
| Judiciary Act | A 1789 law that created the structure of the Supreme Court and set up a system of district courts and circuit courts for the nation |
| Foreign Policy | Action that a nation takes in relation to other nations |
| Neutrality Proclamation | a 1793 statement by President Washington that the U.S. would not support or aid either the British or the French in their European conflict |
| Federalist | supporter of the Constitution, who favored a strong fedaral or national government |
| Republican | person believing people have the right and power to vote for people in their governmental bodies |
| Factions | opposing group within a party |
| Nullify | to cancel |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | a Federalist-supported law passed in 1798 that permitted the President to expel foreigners, which made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they critisized the government or its officials |
| Pinckney Treaty | A 1795 agreement with Spain that let Americans ship their goods down the Mississippi and store them in New Orleans |
| XYZ Affair | a 797 French attempt to bribe the U.S. by demanding payment before talk could begin on the issue of French seizure of American ships |
| Laisez-Faire | the idea that the government should play as little a role as possible in economic affairs |
| Democratic | ensuring all people have the same rights |
| Continental Divide | mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of a continent |
| Louisiana Purchase | Acquisition of land that doubled the size of the U.S. |
| Embargo Act | An attempt to force respect for U.S. neutrality by ending trade with the belligerents in the Napoleonic War |
| Nonintercourse Act | an 1809 law that allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France |
